论心理测验项目编写的科学性

本文以作为心理测验科学性最基本保证的项目编写为核心,论证了心理测验编制的前提、方法,心理测验项目编写的依据、项目的来源以及项目的分析指标等方面的科学性问题。     

认知诊断分类中心的确定

期望反应模式是认知诊断分类的类中心,确定了诊断范围中属性及其层级关系后,类中心的数目由测验Q矩阵决定.类中心应该是完备的,即理论上有多少个知识状态就应该有多少个类中心,这涉及评分方式、Q矩阵设计、Q矩阵评价与修改、认知诊断测验如何实施等问题的讨论.重点给出多级评分认知诊断测验不同属性层级对应的完备Q矩阵设计的例子和罗列了Wang等人（2013）的Q矩阵修改的方法.     

The effect of aging on the memory enhancement of the survival judgment task

This study investigated whether or not aging affected the benefit of a survival judgment task. Sixteen young adults and 16 older adults participated in this experiment. In the survival task, participants were requested to judge whether a word was necessary or not in a survival situation. In the self‐referent judgment task, participants were requested to judge how easily the word brings to mind an important personal experience. Participants in each condition were presented 18 concrete nouns at 4‐s intervals. Our results showed that even though the survival judgment task enhanced the memory performance in both the young adults and the older adults, the young adults outperformed the older adults in the survival and self‐referent judgment tasks.     

Can the memory enhancement of the survival judgment task be explained by the elaboration hypothesis?: Evidence from a memory load paradigm1

Many reports have described a survival judgment task that requires participants to judge words according to their relevance to a survival situation, eliciting better recall than that obtained in other judgment tasks (e.g., semantic or self‐judgment tasks). Two explanatory hypotheses (the adaptive hypothesis and the elaboration hypothesis) have been proposed. Here we used the memory load paradigm to investigate whether the adaptive hypothesis or the combination hypothesis can better account for the memory enhancement of the survival judgment task. We used a survival judgment task and an autobiographical recall task with the condition of no memory load or memory load. The 48 participants performed four encoding conditions (memory load—survival, no memory load—survival, memory load—autobiographical, and no memory load—autobiographical). The results showed that memory enhancement of the survival judgment task occurred only in the no memory load condition, but not in the memory load condition. Our results support the elaboration hypothesis. We also discuss the validity of the elaboration hypothesis and future directions to be pursued in this research field.     

Examination of the Japanese version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale among Adults Using Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory1, 2

Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has impaired every aspect of life, especially causing much psychological damage—for instance, increasing the risk of suicide. Intense fear and anxiety are considered to play a central role in mental health problems. This study examined the psychological properties of the Japanese version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) using classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT). Five hundred fifty participants aged 18–69 years and from across Japan completed questionnaires, including the Japanese FCV-19S, the Japanese Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-15 (DASS-15), and the Japanese version of the Kessler 6 (K6). CTT showed that each item of the Japanese FCV-19S had no ceiling and floor effect and was close to the normal distribution, and IRT revealed that each item had an appropriate parameter of discrimination and difficulty. Finally, the Japanese FCV-19S was shown to have an acceptable reliability and moderate good concurrent validity. Consequently, the Japanese FCV-19S has robust psychometric properties and can be useful for early detection of adults impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.     

Covariance structure analysis in several populations

This paper is concerned with the study of covariance structural models in several populations. Estimation theory of the parameters that are subject to general functional restraints is developed based on the generalized least squares approach. Asymptotic properties of the constrained estimator are studied; and asymptotic chi-square tests are presented to evaluate appropriate model comparisons. The method of multipliers and the standard reparametrization technique are discussed in obtaining the estimates. The methodology is demonstrated by a set of real data.Computer facilities were provided by the Computer Services Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. The authors are indebted to several anonymous reviewers for suggestions for improvement of this paper.     

过去时间的心理结构

４０８名大学生被试用秒、分、小时、日、星期、年和月７个时间单位和模糊统计试验方法对４０个不定的过去时间修饰词作经验赋值,结果显示：（１）过去时间和未来时间在心理结构上是对称的,分为三个心理时间段,即以秒和分为计时单位的“较近的过去”和“较近的未来”,以小时、日和月为计时单位的“近的过去”和“近的未来”,和以年为计时单位的“远的过去”和“远的未来”。（２）随着时间修饰词的词义离现在由近至远,其词义地     

印象整饰与内隐态度效应

运用内隐联想测验对不同印象整饰水平个体的内隐态度进行了研究。结果表明：不同自我监控者的内隐性态度是存在的,高自我监控者的内隐态度和外显态度存在分离。研究对“印象整饰对强迫服从后态度改变的影响”的结果做出解释：自我监控者强迫服从后的态度中庸是其关注自身的公众形象而有意压抑和控制其内隐性的评价造成的。     

PDP启动型实验程序与Richardson-Klavehn模型的比较研究

2个实验对PDP的启动型实验程序与Richardson-Klavehn的修正模型进行了比较研究,通过对指示语的操纵,考察提取策略是否完全受意志控制,以及注意水平、刺激材料、测验类型、加工水平对被试作业的影响.结果发现刺激材料对有意识控制记忆的实验结果影响很大,对PDP的无意识自动加工参数无影响;启动型实验程序的结果与PDP理论相当一致;提取策略不一定是受意志精确控制的.     

学前儿童的现实性监测:即时和延时测验

考察了4至5岁儿童的现实性监测在延时0天、3天和7天条件下的成绩。结果发现:对真实动作的源混淆更多地发生在延时3-7天,而对想象动作的源混淆更多地发生在0-3天,且对想象动作的现实性监测比对真实动作的现实性监测更早达到随机水平。这表明事件在现实性监测的时间效应中存在不同的特点。