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61.
UNDERSTANDING PARENTING STRESS AND CHILDREN'S BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS AMONG HOMELESS,SUBSTANCE‐ABUSING MOTHERS
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This article tested a model of parenting stress as a mediator between maternal depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, and child behavior problems using a sample of homeless, substance‐abusing mothers. Participants were 119 homeless mothers (ages 18–24 years) and their young children (ages 0–6 years). Mothers responded to questions about their depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, parenting stress, and child behavior problems. A path analysis showed that maternal depressive symptoms were positively associated with child behavior problems through increased parenting stress whereas maternal cognitive reappraisal was negatively associated with child behavior problems through decreased parenting stress. Moreover, maternal expressive suppression was negatively related to child externalizing problems. Findings support the parenting stress theory and highlight maternal parenting stress as a mechanism associated with homeless children's mental health risk. This study has significant implications for understanding the parenting processes underlying child's resilience in the context of homelessness and maternal substance use. 相似文献
62.
本研究采用交叉滞后设计探讨越轨同伴交往与青少年睡眠问题之间的双向关系。通过越轨同伴交往问卷与匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)对广东省某地区887名青少年(43.90%男生; M = 15.55)进行为期一学年的追踪研究。在控制了性别、年龄后,结果发现:(1)学年初始的睡眠问题可以显著正向预测青少年学年末的越轨同伴交往(b2 = 0.12, SE = .05, p < .05),即青少年在学年初始睡眠问题越多,学年末则表现出更多的越轨同伴交往;(2)研究并未发现学年初始的青少年越轨同伴交往可以显著预测其学年末的睡眠问题(b1 = –0.07, SE = .06, p > .05)。因此,本研究的结果支持了睡眠问题对青少年越轨同伴交往的单向预测作用,即睡眠问题可能是增加青少年越轨同伴交往的重要风险因素之一。 相似文献
63.
本研究开发了两种新的适用于多级评分项目的多维计算机化自适应测验(PMCAT)的选题策略——修正的连续熵(RCEM)和修正的后验期望KL信息(MKB)方法,并与以往PMCAT的选题策略进行了对比研究。Monte Carlo实验结果表明:两种新开发的选题策略比原方法估计精度更高,并且RCEM方法在所有选题策略中曝光率最低。新开发的选题策略具有较理想的估计精度和曝光控制效果,为PMCAT在实践中的应用提供了新的方法支持。 相似文献
64.
65.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of locus of control on university students' mental health and to examine possible mediational roles of self-esteem and coping. A total of 418 university students completed Rotters I-E Scale, Self-liking/self-competence Scale, Endlers Coping with Stressful Situations Scale and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. The results showed that external locus of control, lower self-liking and self-competence, as well as less problem-focused and more emotion-focused coping predict more symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in university students. However, mediational analysis revealed that the effect of locus of control was fully mediated by self-esteem and coping, with self-liking and emotion-focused coping being the strongest mediators. Results suggest that beliefs about control affect beliefs about one's self-worth and coping strategies, which in turn can affect one's mental health. 相似文献
66.
Earl Y. Popp 《Memory (Hove, England)》2018,26(1):89-95
People often demonstrate better memory for animate concepts (e.g., lion and sailor) than for inanimate concepts (e.g., hammer and mountain). Researchers have attributed this effect to an adaptive memory mechanism that favours information relevant for survival, including information about living things. In the present experiment, we examined the hypothesis that people demonstrate better free-recall performance for animate than inanimate words because animate words tend to be associated with greater mental arousal than inanimate words, a factor that was not controlled for in previous experiments on this topic. To this end, we matched animate and inanimate word lists on mental arousal (and several other factors), and compared participants’ free-recall performance for the two word types. We were able to replicate past findings that participants’ free-recall of animate words exceeds their free-recall of inanimate words, but we found no support for the possibility that the effect stems from differences in mental arousal between animate and inanimate concepts, as this effect maintained even when the word lists were matched on mental arousal. The present results therefore indicate that mental arousal cannot explain the effects of animacy on free-recall performance. 相似文献
67.
A meta‐analysis of the differential relations of traditional and cyber‐victimization with internalizing problems
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68.
Brian C. Poncy Kathryn E. Jaspers Paul R. Hansmann Levita Bui William B. Matthew 《Journal Of Applied School Psychology》2015,31(1):63-82
An alternating treatments design with a control condition was used to evaluate and compare the effects of two taped-problem interventions on addition fact fluency. Both taped-problem interventions were identical with the exception of the time delay between the auditory cue of the problem and the answer. One condition used a 2-s delay and the other condition used no delay. Results showed that both taped-problem conditions showed growth in student digits correct per minute scores and that the no-delay condition was slightly more efficient as the taped-problem no-delay procedure took approximately 33% less time. Discussion focuses on using comparative intervention designs to detect nuances in procedures to improve our understanding of math fact interventions that result in the highest learning rates. 相似文献
69.
An extensive body of research documents the high prevalence of comorbidity among child and adolescent disorders in general
and between conduct problems and depression in particular. These problems co-occur at significantly higher rates than would
be expected by chance and their comorbidity may have significant implications for nosology, treatment, and prognosis. Four
main hypotheses have been put forth to account for these high rates of comorbidity. First, comorbidity may be a result of
shortcomings associated with referral or informant biases. Second, comorbidity may be an artifact of overlapping definitional
criteria. Third, one disorder may cause the other disorder by influencing the developmental trajectory and placing an individual
at increased risk for further difficulties. Finally, comorbidity between two disorders may be explained by shared underlying
causal or risk factors. The purpose of this review is to explore these possibilities, concentrating primarily on the common
risk factors of parent psychopathology, emotion regulation, and cognitive biases that may underlie the co-occurrence of these
two disorders. Based on our review, we propose a model for the development of comorbidity between these two disorders. 相似文献
70.
Bailey BN Hannigan JH Delaney-Black V Covington C Sokol RJ 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2006,34(1):54-67
Children in the United States are exposed to considerable community violence that has been linked to child functioning. However, not all those exposed, experience negative outcomes. Recent research has focused on factors that “buffer” or protect children from negative consequences of violence exposure. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the potential buffering or moderating role of maternal acceptance in the relationship between community violence exposure and internalizing and externalizing problems. Subjects were 268 urban African American first graders. Community violence exposure was significantly related to symptoms of post-traumatic stress, but did not correlate with either internalizing or externalizing problems for all children, after control for demographics, maternal mental health, and general life stress. However, children's perceptions of maternal acceptance moderated the relationship between violence exposure and internalizing and externalizing problems which included being withdrawn, anxious-depressed, and demonstrating delinquent behavior. Children with the lowest levels of self-reported maternal acceptance were most impacted by
community violence. In this sample of urban first graders, low levels of maternal acceptance placed children at greater risk for adverse outcomes associated with community violence exposure compared to moderate and high levels of maternal acceptance. 相似文献