Radical Scepticism,How-Possible Questions and Modest Transcendental Arguments

According to radical scepticism, knowledge of the external world is impossible. Transcendental arguments are supposed to be anti-sceptical, but can they provide a satisfying response to radical scepticism? Especially, when radical scepticism is cast as posing a how-possible question, there is a concern that transcendental arguments are neither sufficient nor necessary for answering such question. In light of this worry, I argue that we can take a modest transcendental argument as a stepping stone for a diagnostic anti-sceptical proposal, and I use a Wittgensteinian modest transcendental argument to illustrate my point.     

大学生人际适应性量表的初步研制

在文献分析的基础上,文章界定了人际适应性的概念并通过开放式问卷、专家访谈和理论分析进行理论建构,据此编制大学生人际适应性量表对2100名有效被试进行调查.经过探索性和验证性因素分析以及信效度检验,结果表明:(1)大学生人际适应性是一阶11因素二阶2因素的多维度多层次结构.一阶因素包括自知性、关系认知性和合作性等,二阶因素包括人际认知性和人际互动性.(2)大学生人际适应性量表具有良好的信效度,可用于测量大学生人际适应性.     

适应性绩效：一个尚需深入研究的领域

适应性绩效是指应对工作要求和环境变化的各类行为。相关实证研究表明, 适应性绩效与任务绩效和周边绩效可能存在内容上的重叠, 有关适应性绩效的具体结构维度还存在争议。一般认知能力、知识技能、大五人格、自我效能、组织内的人际支持和环境支持, 以及组织外社会关系网络等因素对适应性绩效具有预测作用。未来的研究可以从适应性绩效的理论建构、测量工具、影响因素和实践应用等方面进行深入探讨。     

大学生专业适应性、学习倦怠与学习策略的关系

采用大学生专业适应性问卷、学习倦怠量表和学习策略问卷,对802名大学生进行了测试,考察了大学生专业适应性、学习倦怠和学习策略的基本状况,以及专业适应性、学习倦怠与学习策略的关系。结果表明：大学生的专业适应性、学习倦怠和学习策略整体情况良好,但也有相当比例的大学生缺乏有效的学习策略,专业适应不良并表现出学习倦怠倾向;专业适应性对学习策略有显著的正向预测作用;学习倦怠对学习策略有负向预测作用,并在专业适应性和学习策略之间起部分中介作用。     

也谈中药现代化

中药现代化是中药走向国际市场的必由之路。国内研究已取得较大成就,内容有中药材、中药饮片和剂型的现代化等多方面。但是,也存在一些问题,如对中药现代化的认识不够、基础研究薄弱等,有待解决。     

Psychosocial resources,support, and career satisfaction among professional women: A South African study

The study examined the role psychosocial resources play in enhancing perceptions of support and career satisfaction among professional women. The participants were a purposive sample of 606 professional women from South Africa (white = 61.8%, black = 19.9%, Indian = 11.1%, and coloured = 6.6%; mean age = 35.41 years, SD = 8.39 years). The participants were in their early adulthood and establishment career stage. The participants were employed in the financial, engineering, and human resource fields. The participants completed measures of emotional intelligence, career adaptability, psychosocial career preoccupations, self-efficacy, perceived organisational support, social support, and career satisfaction. Following canonical correlation analysis, results revealed managing own emotions, career control, self-efficacy, preoccupations with career adaptation, and preoccupations with establishment to positively predict higher levels of organisational support and career satisfaction. Findings underpin the fact that psychosocial resources are assets for the career well-being of professional women from a developing country setting.     

Using career counselling with group life design principles to improve the employability of disadvantaged young adults

This article explores the effects of group life design counselling on unemployed young adults’ career adaptability skills. Purposive and criterion sampling were used to select 62 participants involved in a skills programme (mean age = 24.86 years, SD = 6.38 years). A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test comparison group-design, embedded in an intervention framework, was used to gather data. Intervention occurred in the quasi-experimental group. Paired t-tests were used to compare the difference between the pre- and post-test scores obtained on the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS). The scores on career concern and career control, as well as the total score on the CAAS, of the quasi-experimental group increased after the intervention. The results suggest that group career counselling interventions with life design principles enhanced the career adaptability in participants as a core element of employability. Future research should focus on more longitudinal research and tracing the long-term progress of participants to establish the value of the approach for diverse clients in (individual and) group contexts.     

Teaching mands for information using speech generating devices: A replication and extension

Approximately 30% of individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) fail to develop vocal communication and, therefore, use some form of augmentative or alternative communication system. The current study replicates and extends previous research on teaching “Who?” and “Which?” mands for information to 3 young children diagnosed with ASD using a speech generating device. Procedures were evaluated using a multiple baseline across participants design. All participants learned to mand for information and, subsequently, used the information to access preferred items.     

Is Structure Dependence an Innate Constraint? New Experimental Evidence From Children's Complex‐Question Production

According to Crain and Nakayama (1987) , when forming complex yes/no questions, children do not make errors such as Is the boy who smoking is crazy? because they have innate knowledge of structure dependence and so will not move the auxiliary from the relative clause. However, simple recurrent networks are also able to avoid such errors, on the basis of surface distributional properties of the input ( Lewis & Elman, 2001 ; Reali & Christiansen, 2005 ). Two new elicited production studies revealed that (a) children occasionally produce structure‐dependence errors and (b) the pattern of children's auxiliary‐doubling errors (Is the boy who is smoking is crazy?) suggests a sensitivity to surface co‐occurrence patterns in the input. This article concludes that current data do not provide any support for the claim that structure dependence is an innate constraint, and that it is possible that children form a structure‐dependent grammar on the basis of exposure to input that exhibits this property.