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41.
R. Grossarth-Maticek H.J. Eysenck A. Pfeifer P. Schmidt G. Koppel 《Personality and individual differences》1997,23(6):949-960
We report the results of a prospective study of a random sample of 1353 elderly but healthy men and women who were followed up for a period of 10 yr, when mortality and cause of death were ascertained. Overall results have been reported elsewhere for mortality from cancer, coronary heart disease and other causes; here we are concerned with the personality factors predicting breast cancer, cervical cancer, cancer of the corpus uteri specifically, as well as other types of cancer in women. Ten specific hypotheses were tested, using specially constructed questionnaires for the purpose, and for most of these statistically significant support was obtained. The results justify belief that specific types of cancer may be related to specific stress/personality factors. 相似文献
42.
Elaine A. Blechman 《Applied and Preventive Psychology》1997,5(1):19-35
Coping—competence theory yields a structural model of the development of persistent aggression in which current challenge encounters determine future life outcomes and competence. Driven by this model, universal, school-based prevention programs would aim in multiple ways to promote prosocial coping among high-risk, resilient, and advantaged youth from kindergarten through high school. Expected benefits of prosocial coping would include: less aggressive behavior, fewer adverse life outcomes (e.g., school dropout, police arrest, teen pregnancy, conduct, mood, and substance-use disorders), and a more competent self-definition and social reputation. Five stages are described that may prove useful in creating prosocial schools and neighborhoods supportive of youth in transition away from antisocial coping and deviant peers. 相似文献
43.
John Northup Kevin Jones Carmen Broussard Terri George 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1995,28(1):99-100
We evaluated the relative treatment utility of a verbal forced-choice questionnaire, child nomination, and direct observation for identifying the most potent reinforcers for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Results demonstrated that all three methods were more likely to disagree than to agree, that a forced-choice format may enhance verbal reinforcer assessment, and that further development and evaluation of verbal reinforcer-assessment methods are needed. 相似文献
44.
Manuel Barrera Jr. Susan A. Li Laurie Chassin 《American journal of community psychology》1995,23(4):479-507
Investigated ethnicity and parental alcoholism as factors that might influence the stress vulnerability of adolescents. It
extended an initial cross-sectional study of this same sample by adding two annual assessments which allowed for additional
cross-sectional analyses and longitudinal tests. Hispanic and Caucasian adolescents (N=306 at Time 1) completed measures of their own life stress, family conflict, and alcohol use. Their parents reported on adolescents'
internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Cross-sectional analyses at Time 2, and prospective analyses involving Time 1 and
Time 2 measures were, for the most part, consistent with the original study's results. Caucasian adolescents and children
of alcoholic parents appeared to be more vulnerable to stress than Hispanic adolescents and children of nonalcoholic parents.
Family conflict was a partial explanation for this increased vulnerability.
This research was supported by National Institute on Drug Abuse Grant DA05227 to Laurie Chassin (pricipal investigator) and
Manuel Barrera, Jr. (coprincipal investigator). Susan Li was supported by an American Psychological Association Minority Fellowship
Award. Portions of this research were presented at the conference, “Resiliency in Families: Racial and Ethnic Minority Families
in America” that was held at the University of Wisconsin, May 31–June 2, 1994. 相似文献
45.
Michael D. Greenberg W. Edward Craighead Donald D. Evans Linda W. Craighead 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1995,17(4):305-321
DSM-based research on comorbidity has suggested thatdepression andpersonality disorder frequently occur together and that the combination of syndromes is associated with a poor response to treatment for depression. The present study was designed to explore the effect of comorbid Axis II pathology for a sample of 45 inpatients who received treatment for major depression. Both categorical and dimensional ratings of personality disorder were used in the statistical analysis. Positive categorical diagnosis of Cluster C (anxious-avoidant) disorder, as well as higher dimensional rating of Cluster A (odd-eccentric) pathology, was predictive of a poor response to treatment (p<.05), as measured by change in pre-post clinical ratings on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. These results were construed as indicative of a significant Axis II comorbidity effect in the context of an inpatient, multimodal treatment setting for depression. The results also spotlight the influence of techniques of measurement in determining the outcome of statistical analysis. 相似文献
46.
F. Suzanne Talbert Peggy J. Wagner Lorraine C. Braswell Sakina Husein 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》1995,2(2):133-148
The psychological stress reactions of 44 family medicine patients who were treated in the emergency room were examined approximately a year after the event. Patients were assessed on several psychological measures, including one for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and on their perception of how stressful the event was initially and now. Results show continuing stress reactions related to the emergency room event. Three patients endorsed symptoms indicating full PTSD and 13 appeared to have at least partial PTSD. Age appeared to be a factor in the presence of stress symptoms and in degree of perceived communication with the physician. 相似文献
47.
Peter Broers Arne Evers Cary L. Cooper 《International journal of stress management》1995,2(4):171-180
In this study, the reliabilities of the Dutch translation of the Occupational Stress Inventory, which is based on the theory of Cooper (Cooper & Marshall, 1976), was investigated. The sample comprised 436 nurses. A comparison is made of the individual and job satisfaction stress levels of Dutch and British nurses (N = 546), and of British managers (N =123) and German managers (N =133). The differences in the reliabilities of the Dutch version, compared to the British and German, are small. The differences between the stress and satisfaction scores are found to be greater between occupational groups than between nations. 相似文献
48.
Perceived sources and levels of stress were assessed with a rating scale describing the experience of stressors and stress responses and an unstructured self-report about the reasons of such ratings in 60 nursing students in their first and final year of hospital training. The results, which show a significantly higher report of stress in the latter group, also point to identifiable sources of stressors in hospital-based nursing training procedures. Several recommendations to alleviate these conditions are discussed. 相似文献
49.
Parenting a child with ADHD can challenge parenting resources and coping. Increasingly, researchers are examining the relationship between the behavior of the child with ADHD and family functioning. While studies have shown inceased parenting stress in parents of children with ADHD, these studies have compared children with ADHD to non-disabled children. This study compares reports of parenting stress among mothers of children with ADHD, mothers of children with learning disabilities and mothers of non-referred children. Results showed that parenting stress was highest for mothers of children with ADHD. Increased parenting stress was associated with child characteristics and, in particular, with externalizing behavior problems. 相似文献
50.
Depression and unemployment: Panel findings from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
David Dooley Ralph Catalano Georjeanna Wilson 《American journal of community psychology》1994,22(6):745-765
Studies that have found an association between unemployment and psychological depression often fail to establish the direction
of causal influence. Analyses of Epidemiologic Catchment Area panel data revealed that of employed respondents not diagnosed
with major depression at first interview, those who became unemployed had over twice the risk of increased depressive symptoms
and of becoming clinically depressed as those who continued employed. Although the increase in symptoms was statistically
significant, the effect on clinical depression was not, possibly because of the low power of the test. The reverse causal
path from clinical depression at Time 1 to becoming unemployed by Time 2 was not supported. The unemployment rate in the respondent's
community at time of interview was not related directly to psychological depression but appeared associated indirectly with
depression via its impact on the risk of becoming unemployed. Implications for policy and further research were discussed.
The research described in this paper was supported by Grant #5 RO1 AA08379-02 from the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse
and Alcoholism. The authors appreciate the suggestions provided by members of the Consortium for Research Involving Stress
Processes sponsored by the W. T. Grant Foundation and by two anonymous journal reviewers. 相似文献