Perceptions of Submissiveness: Implications for Victimization

Some researchers have suggested that a precondition of affective submissiveness may increase the likelihood of female victimization in sexual assault, whereas others have suggested that criminal offenders use perceptions of vulnerability when selecting a victim. In this study, based on American college students, men (decoders) rated videotaped women (encoders) dominant versus submissive using a semantic differential instrument. Cue evaluators analyzed the body language and appearance of the videotaped women using a Likert instrument. The results suggest that (a) men form differentiated perceptions of dominant versus submissive women, (b) such perceptions substantially rely on nonverbal cues, (c) dominant and submissive women display visually different behaviors and appearances, and (d) men tend to select submissive females for exploitation.     

急性重症胰腺炎的抗生素治疗策略

继发性感染是导致急性重症胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)高病死率最重要的因素。继发感染的微生物多为革兰阴性菌。选用抗菌药物需兼顾病原菌敏感性及抗菌药物穿透血胰屏障能力,合理选择用药方式;对于CT证实有胰腺坏死的急性重症胰腺炎,可预防性使用抗生素;氟康唑可作为经验性抗真菌治疗的首选药物。     

Reperfusion of Specific Brain Regions by Raising Blood Pressure Restores Selective Language Functions in Subacute Stroke

We report a series of six single subject studies examining the effects of pharmacological blood pressure elevation on regional brain perfusion and language function. Previous reports indicate that hypoperfusion of specific brain regions, as delineated by magnetic resonance perfusion weighted imaging (PWI), is associated with disruption of selective lexical functions. On this basis, we hypothesized that reperfusion of the same regions, in the absence of infarct in that region, would restore the associated lexical function. We present five patients with impaired lexical-semantics associated with poor perfusion, but not infarction, of Brodmann's area 22 (BA 22), and one patient with impaired lexical-semantics and a superimposed deficit in retrieving the phonological representations of words, associated with poor perfusion Brodmann's area 37 (BA 37) as well as BA 22. Each patient was treated with induced blood pressure elevation to increase perfusion of the ischemic and dysfunctional tissue. Daily testing of naming and comprehension, with stimulus sets matched for frequency, familiarity, and length, showed improved lexical-semantics in the patients who showed reperfusion of BA 22 and improved oral naming (but not lexical-semantics) in the patient who showed reperfusion of BA 37. These cases illustrate that loss of function with hypoperfusion of a circumscribed area of the brain, and recovery of the same function with improved perfusion of that brain region, can reveal brain/language relationships prior to reorganization after brain injury.     

Some Diagnostic Observations of Post-September 11, 2001 Crisis Groups

Crisis groups following the September 11 attack in New York were an opportunity to learn about people in crisis. The many groups that were formed to assist individuals' return to work, school, and home offered opportunities to observe how people managed their personal crises. While diagnoses such as Post-traumatic Stress Disorder were used, they offer no help in understanding group dynamics and individual behavior in groups. In this paper a psychoanalytic group orientation is offered to help learn about the impact of such terrible crises on individuals and the use of psychoanalytically oriented groups to aid in their path to recovery.     

辩证思维在重症急性胰腺炎治疗中的运用

重症急性胰腺炎的治疗水平在近几十年已有了很大的发展,但是SAP的死亡率依然居高不下,严重威胁患者生命。这类患者的病情复杂,需要运用多种治疗方法进行综合救治。从多种治疗方法中选择合适的方法并进行合理的治疗很难准确把握,需要我们用哲学的思维来看待胰腺炎的诊治,辩证地对其进行有针对性的治疗,从而提高重症急性胰腺炎的治疗水平。     

重症急性胰腺炎预防抗生素治疗的争议

重症急性胰腺炎伴随高病死率,细菌和真菌感染是其导致死亡的主要原因之一。目前治疗一般采取预防性抗生素治疗,但预防性抗生素治疗又可能会加重二重感染。目前研究结果数量有限,结果不一。是否应该应用预防抗生素治疗仍然存在争议,期待更多设计合理的随机对照试验。