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91.
Marie G. Rudden Stuart Twemlow Steven Ackerman 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2008,89(5):993-1010
Various perspectives on leadership within the psychoanalytic, organizational and socio‐biological literature are reviewed, with particular attention to research studies in these areas. Hypotheses are offered about what makes an effective leader: her ability to structure tasks well in order to avoid destructive regressions, to make constructive use of the omnipresent regressive energies in group life, and to redirect regressions when they occur. Systematic qualitative observations of three videotaped sessions each from N = 18 medical staff work groups at an urban medical center are discussed, as is the utility of a scale, the Leadership and Group Regressions Scale (LGRS), that attempts to operationalize the hypotheses. Analyzing the tapes qualitatively, it was noteworthy that at times (in N = 6 groups), the nominal leader of the group did not prove to be the actual, working leader. Quantitatively, a significant correlation was seen between leaders’ LGRS scores and the group’s satisfactory completion of their quantitative goals (p = 0.007) and ability to sustain the goals (p = 0.04), when the score of the person who met criteria for group leadership was used. 相似文献
92.
Ying-yi Hong Robert S. Wyer Jr Candy P. S. Fong 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2008,11(3):187-195
Chinese participants were found less likely to social loaf when working in groups than did North Americans. This result was attributed mainly to the collectivism and individualism characterizing Chinese and North Americans, respectively. However, this explanation does not address how Chinese people's social loafing tendency may vary across situations. If Chinese participants are concerned about their relations with coworkers, they should be more likely to conform to the performance level of their coworkers. This prediction is in opposition to effort dispensability, which is usually found among North Americans, whereby individuals adjust their effort in reverse to that of their coworkers. Consistent with our prediction, findings from three studies revealed that Chinese participants tended to conform to the performance level of their coworkers when their performance is made public ( vs kept anonymous) and when they have high ( vs low) relational concerns. These findings have implications for unpacking nuanced cultural influences on behaviours. 相似文献
93.
急性心肌梗死发病年轻化的因果分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
越来越多的中青年人因急性心肌梗死住院甚至猝死,其发病具有原因和结果的必然联系。过劳、不良生活习惯、吸烟、大量饮酒等原因都会使冠状动脉内斑块形成或冠状动脉痉挛而诱发急性心肌梗死。患者及医务工作者都应针对病因及发病机制积极治疗并有效预防,从而提高全民的心血管健康水平。 相似文献
94.
Alessandra Carbone 《Studia Logica》2006,82(1):73-93
We establish a connection between the geometric methods developed in the combinatorial theory of small cancellation and the
propositional resolution calculus. We define a precise correspondence between resolution proofs in logic and diagrams in small cancellation theory, and as a consequence, we derive that a resolution proof is a 2-dimensional process. The isoperimetric
function defined on diagrams corresponds to the length of resolution proofs. 相似文献
95.
在临床实践中,呼吸危重症的诊断和治疗存在着一些不同的观点。就其中某些热点问题,如慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并哮喘的诊断和机械通气的指征、肺栓塞的诊断、急性呼吸窘迫综合征的治疗、呼吸重症监护病房的建设和呼吸危重症的伦理学问题进行阐述,以期提高对呼吸危重症的认识。 相似文献
96.
解决急性有机磷农药中毒病死率居高不下的问题,必须提高救治中的辩证思维。正确理解标本兼治的含义,外周性、中枢性抗胆碱药物和复能剂联合应用,合理维持阿托品化,积极应用机械通气进行必要的呼吸支持治疗和适时行血液灌流治疗是救治有机磷农药中毒的有效保证。 相似文献
97.
临床路径是现代医院管理的前沿技术之一,对于提高医疗服务质量和降低医疗费用具有现实意义。通过对急性胰腺炎病人的临床路径研究,探讨了我国临床实践中临床路径的实施方法,并在此基础上进一步研究了该疾病医疗保险费用结算标准的分类标准。 相似文献
98.
The conclusion that nominal brainstorming groups outperform interactive brainstorming groups has been exclusively based on studies of idea generation. This study tested whether the productivity advantage of nominal groups would also result in better idea selection. Nominal and interactive groups performed a task that involved idea generation and selection. Idea generation and selection were strictly separated for half the groups, but were combined for the other half. Nominal groups generated more ideas than interactive groups, and the ideas generated by nominal groups were more original and less feasible than the ideas generated by interactive groups. However, there were no differences among conditions in quality of the selected ideas. Further, idea selection was not significantly better than chance. This suggests that high productivity in brainstorming is not sufficient to lead to better solutions. 相似文献
99.
This article discusses the specific ethical dilemma of obtaining informed consent and ensuring confidentiality and participant
well-being while conducting a qualitative research study with novice ESL teachers in a Teacher Study Group. The discussion
outlines their process of resolution of the ambiguities inherent in the research process – in essence the researchers’ personal
journey of discovery. The article concludes with the broader implications for making the research process more transparent
for other academic researchers working in the field of language-teacher cognition. 相似文献
100.
Ligia M. Chavez Leida Matías-Carrelo Concepcion Barrio Glorisa Canino 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(1):72-86
We reviewed the Spanish translation of the Youth Quality of Life Instrument-Research Version (YQOL-R) and culturally adapted
the measure with Puerto Rican and Mexican American children and adolescents. The YQOL-R is a self-reported measure that includes
four domains: Sense of Self, Social Relationships, Environment, and General Quality of Life. A total of 10 focus groups were
conducted with children aged 9 to 11, adolescents aged 12 to 17, their parents, and mental health providers. Five focus groups
were conducted in San Diego, California and five in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Eligible participants were recruited from children’s
outpatient psychiatry clinics. We followed an iterative and recursive process in reviewing changes and modifications to the
instrument using a bilingual committee and a Multi National Bilingual Committee. Greater semantic, content, and technical
equivalence of the Spanish and English versions for the YQOL-R was achieved for the two largest U.S. Latino subgroups: Mexican
Americans and Puerto Ricans. The cultural adaptation process revealed several important issues regarding the measurement of
quality of life in different age groups. Additional items for school, relationships (both family and friends) and spare time
suggested the need for a future children’s version of the instrument. For the adolescents, additional items were suggested
in the areas of sexuality, intergenerational conflict and acculturative stress. 相似文献