对从众行为的再认识

本文突破传统的关于从众行为是由于真实的或想象的群体压力而导致行为或态度的变化的观点。认为(1)情境的模糊性和他人确定行为或态度的明确性是从众行为发生的直接外部原因;(2)从众行为是主动的、有目的的．而不是被动的、盲目的;(3)从众与顺从、服从有本质的区别。     

情境公开性与印象管理动机对建议采纳的影响

实验1和实验2分别探讨在公开和匿名条件下期望印象和印象标签对建议采纳的影响。结果表明：（1）期望印象会影响建议采纳，在公开情境中，当个体期望形成温暖的印象时，会更多采纳建议；当个体期望形成能力印象时，建议采纳程度更低。（2） 印象标签会影响建议采纳，在公开情境中，当个体期望维持原有的温暖印象时，会更多采纳建议；个体期望维持原有的能力印象时，建议采纳程度更低。本研究证明建议采纳过程中存在印象管理机制。     

中学生道德问题应对策略研究

按Carolyn Saarni对儿童在社会交往和情绪问题上应对策略的研究,在小样本初测基础上,以124名我国中学生为被试、以道德问题情境故事作为刺激材料、对他们的道德问题应对策略之选择及其相应的内心体验作了调查。结果表明,我国中学生道德问题应对策略有五类,他们大多能选择具有积极社会意义的策略,不同年级和面对不同道德问题时他们的选择会有差异,选择不同的应对策略时他们会有不同的内心体验,在“角色投射”时他们的内心体验更为强烈。     

Moody and thin-skinned? The interplay of neuroticism and momentary affect in older romantic couples

Neuroticism is associated with heightened reactivity to social stressors. However, little is known about the micro-processes through which neuroticism shapes – and is shaped by – affective experiences in close relationships. We examine the extent to which momentary affect is coupled with one’s relationship partner, whether the strength of this coupling differs depending on levels of neuroticism, and whether this coupling and partner’s overall level of positive or negative affect prospectively contribute to differential (rank-order) changes in neuroticism. Older couples (N = 82, aged 67–93 years) rated their momentary affect six times per day for one week and provided ratings of trait neuroticism at baseline and 18 months later. Multilevel models revealed that among individuals high in neuroticism, individual positive affect was more closely coupled with partner positive affect compared with individuals low in neuroticism. Moreover, neuroticism decreased over time in those participants who showed a higher degree of coupling with partner positive affect and also had a partner with higher overall positive affect. In contrast, neuroticism increased in individuals whose partner had lower overall positive affect. Similar effects were not observed for negative affect. Our findings highlight how relationship partners contribute to daily affective experiences and longer-term changes in neuroticism.     

Situation selection is a particularly effective emotion regulation strategy for people who need help regulating their emotions

Situation selection involves choosing situations based on their likely emotional impact and may be less cognitively taxing or challenging to implement compared to other strategies for regulating emotion, which require people to regulate their emotions “in the moment”; we thus predicted that individuals who chronically experience intense emotions or who are not particularly competent at employing other emotion regulation strategies would be especially likely to benefit from situation selection. Consistent with this idea, we found that the use of situation selection interacted with individual differences in emotional reactivity and competence at emotion regulation to predict emotional outcomes in both a correlational (Study 1; N?=?301) and an experimental field study (Study 2; N?=?125). Taken together, the findings suggest that situation selection is an effective strategy for regulating emotions, especially for individuals who otherwise struggle to do so.     

The question of the training analysis system. Notes from the debate in Oslo

The Norwegian discussion of the training analyst system and the pro et contra arguments are shortly presented. When this note is written, the Board is contemplating to propose a revision of the by-laws, making it somewhat easier to fulfil the criteria for being approved as training analyst.     

How do people respond to health news? The role of personality traits

When a patient receives a health diagnosis, their response (e.g. changes in behaviour, seeking support) can have significant consequences for long-term health and well-being. Characteristics of health news are known to influence these responses, but personality traits have been omitted from this line of research. The current study examines the role of personality traits in predicting response to health news. Participants (N = 298) read scenarios in which they received health news that was manipulated to vary in severity, controllability and likelihood of outcomes. Participants then rated how likely they were to engage in a number of response behaviours. We examined the main effects and interaction of situational manipulations and personality traits on ratings of these behaviours. Both situations and personality traits influenced behavioural responses to health events. In particular, conscientiousness predicted taking action and seeking social support. Neuroticism predicted both maladaptive and adaptive behavioural responses, providing support for the ‘healthy neurotic’ hypothesis. Moreover, personality traits predicted best in weak (unlikely, controllable) situations. Both personality traits and situational characteristics contribute to behavioural responses to health news.     

未来自我连续性对不诚信行为的影响:一个有调节的中介模型

着眼于长期收益的跨期决策风格如何影响当下不诚信行为是决策研究的重要主题之一。研究着意探讨未来自我连续性对不诚信行为的规约作用及其条件。结果发现,(1)未来自我连续性高的人,更不能容忍不诚信行为,不诚信行为的意向更弱;(2)考虑未来后果在未来自我连续性与不诚信行为之间起中介作用,未来自我连续性越高的人,越多考虑行为的未来结果,不诚信行为的概率越低;(3)熟人/陌生人情境对未来自我连续性与考虑未来后果间关系发挥调节作用,熟人情境下,未来自我连续性高的人也会更多考虑行为的未来后果。这些发现对于理解自我连续性的行为规约功能和基于个体跨期选择助推诚信环境营造具有借鉴意义。     

文本阅读中空间距离的心理表征

采用学习探测模式和回指解决相结合的研究范式,探讨情境模型中空间距离的心理表征问题。实验1分离几何距离和类别距离,探讨类别距离对回指解决的影响。结果表明,在控制几何距离的条件下,读者采用由房间数目体现的类别距离信息建构情境模型;实验2进一步探讨几何距离的作用,结果发现,类别距离信息相同的条件下,读者在情境模型中表征几何距离信息。研究表明,类别距离和几何距离分别对空间情境模型的回指解决产生独立影响