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931.
言语产生中的词长效应 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4
采用图片命名方法考察言语产生中的词长效应,并进而分析语音计划的单位和序列性。选取能同时用单音节(如“羊”)和双音节(“山羊”)命名的图片作刺激材料,发现双音节命名明显慢于单音节命名,这种效应既表现在首音节型(如“花”与“花朵”),也表现在尾音节型(如“羊”与“山羊”)刺激材料上。研究结果支持语音编码从左到右、系列提取和双音节词的词音计划单位大于单音节词的观点。该文还对图片命名中的频率效应进行了事后分析。 相似文献
932.
Current research on face processing in primates has focused on a few species, mostly macaques and chimpanzees; to date, only
one New World monkey, the squirrel monkey, has been tested. We explored face processing, and the inversion effect in particular,
in a New World primate species, the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus). In phase 1 of our study, we trained subjects to discriminate between two faces and two scrambled faces; we then presented
the tamarins with a series of novel probes in order to determine the features underlying classification. Results showed that
the tamarins relied on the external contour of the face for discrimination more than the internal features and their configuration.
Statistical analyses revealed no differences in accuracy or response times to upright versus inverted stimuli, and thus no
inversion effect. In phase 2, we provided subjects with additional training on the face versus scrambled face discrimination
task in order to focus their attention on the configuration of the internal features. Accuracy data revealed individual differences
in how tamarins classified these stimuli, even though each subject was trained in the same way. In phase 3, we tested for
generalization to a new set of face stimuli, as well as for the capacity to show an inversion effect. For one subject who
attended to the configuration of internal features, we found significant evidence of generalization, but no evidence for an
inversion effect.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
933.
John Lees 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2001,1(2):132-138
This paper gives an overview of different ways of conducting counselling and psychotherapy research. An approach to research is described which overcomes the research‐practice gap: reflexive action research. It is argued that this approach to research is particularly appropriate and relevant for practitioners since it draws upon skills and awareness necessary for clinical work, and can complement positivist methods of research which are already well established in the profession. The wider use of systematic clinical case studies is suggested as a means of promoting the reflexive action research approach. Further consideration of issues of validity and reliability is required on the part of those intending to apply this approach within the field of therapy research. 相似文献
934.
Andrew Altman 《The Journal of Ethics》2001,5(3):241-262
For several decades, Ronald Dworkinhas been one of the most prominent voicesdefending the legality and justifiability ofrace-conscious programs aimed at undoing thecontinuing effects of prejudice. Writingwithin the framework of a liberal legalphilosophy, he has formulated powerfularguments against the view that color-blindpolicies are the only defensible ones. Nonetheless, I argue that a more completeliberal defense of race-conscious policieswould need to develop and modify Dworkin's lineof argument. Such a defense would go beyondhis policy-based arguments and incorporatearguments of principle. Race-conscious policiesdo not only promote the general good; they arealso required in order to help realize theconstitutional right of equal citizenship. 相似文献
935.
Philip Nickel 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2001,4(3):253-266
A person sometimes forms moral beliefs by relying on another person's moral testimony. In this paper I advance a cognitivist normative account of this phenomenon. I argue that for a person's actions to be morally good, they must be based on a recognition of the moral reasons bearing on action. Morality requires people to act from an understanding of moral claims, and consequently to have an understanding of moral claims relevant to action. A person sometimes fails to meet this requirement when she relies on another person's moral testimony, and so there are moral limits on such reliance. 相似文献
936.
Tomoyuki Watanabe 《The Japanese psychological research》2001,43(2):98-103
The self-choice effect is the phenomenon whereby self-chosen items are remembered better than experimenter-assigned items. This study examined whether the effect occurs when the choice is constrained by cuing, and whether the effect also occurs for unchosen items. In the experiment, 33 participants chose (choice condition) or were assigned (force condition) a target from three alternatives that were followed by a cue sentence as a criterion for the choice. Cue sentences corresponded to any of the three alternatives (free cuing) or to only one (constrained cuing). Participants then engaged in free recall of targets and subsequent recognition of all alternatives (chosen and unchosen items). Memory performance was enhanced by choice regardless of the constraints, but was also enhanced for unchosen items. These results indicate that "free choice" is not always critical for the self-choice effect, and that multiple cuing involving unchosen items is a plausible account for the retention advantage of choice procedures. 相似文献
937.
采用间接测量方法分别探讨刻板印象的内隐效应与内一外群体效应。实验结果表明 :( 1)内隐刻板印象是存在的 ,并且在很大程度上是一种无意识内隐影响的表现 ;( 2 )刻板印象是一个自动化的过程 ;( 3)刻板印象表现出强烈的“内一外群体效应” 相似文献
938.
采用虚拟的旋转不同角度左、右手模型,构建“左右手判断(Left and right hand judgment: LR)”任务和“相同-不同判断(same and different judgment: SD)”任务,考察这两种实验任务是否都存在内旋效应和角度效应,以此推论被试采用何种旋转策略。结果发现:(1) 两种实验任务结果均表现出显著的角度效应。(2)在LR任务条件下,存在显著的内旋效应,而在SD任务中不存在内旋效应。从而表明当人手图片作为心理旋转材料时,它具有双重角色。被试心理旋转加工时究竟选用何种参照系的旋转策略,与实验材料和实验任务两者都密不可分 相似文献
939.
940.
心理学研究方法中“质”与“量”的整合 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
心理学研究方法中“质”与“量”的分歧由来已久。虽然“质”与“量”的研究方法各有其优势,但是也不可避免地存在一些弱点。如果将质与量的方法进行整合,使之进行优势互补,从而更大可能地揭示心理现象发生和发展的规律是我们所面临的课题。要对质的研究方法与量的研究方法进行整合,首先必须“去范式”,将研究的重点聚焦于研究问题,而非范式;其次必须将质性的资料与定量的资料放在同一个层面上进行比较。该文通过一个案例,向读者介绍如何进行“质”与“量”的研究方法的整合 相似文献