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71.
俞吾金 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2009,4(3):400-416
For a long time, under the influence of traditional Western philosophy, Orthodox interpreters have distorted Marx’s philosophy
as the ontology of matter, thereby concealing the essence of Marx’s philosophy, and eliminating the fundamental difference
between Marx’s philosophy and traditional philosophy. This paper proposes that Marx’s philosophy is not the ontology of matter,
but on the contrary, by examining the ontology of matter, Marx put forward his own ontological theory, i.e., the ontology
of the praxis-relations of social production, by which Marx linked the realms of phenomenon and essence, revealing the content
and essence of his philosophy.
__________
Translated by Kong Hui from Zhexue yanjiu 哲学研究 (Philosophical Researches), 2008, (3): 3–11 相似文献
72.
J. J. Furedy O. Algan A. Vincent S. Demirgoren S. Pogun 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1999,34(4):219-226
In a two-day, two-session experiment where smokers male and female college-student subjects worked on a cognitive verbal task
during either the first or second day, and on a cognitive spatial task on the second or first day, smoking was manipulated
as an acute independent variable by requiring 10+ hours of pre-experimental abstention, and providing a cigarette during the
15-minute rest period between the two sessions. Non-smoker female and male subjects underwent the same experiment, and hence
served as controls for the effects of this acute-smoking manipulation. Overall adaptation (decreased arousal) to the experiment
was manifested in a significant increase in skin resistance level (SRL) in all subjects, but when this adaptation effect was
statistically controlled, there was a significant smokers by sex interaction during the verbal task only, such that SRL was
increased by the cigarette in males, but decreased in females. In contrast, the same analysis indicated only a marked increase
in heart-rate (HR) due to smoking, which was unaffected either by sex or by whether the task was the verbal or the (easier)
spatial one. We interpret the SRL results as reflecting a sex difference in the direction of transient psychological arousal,
and discuss it in relation to evidence in the literature based on self reports, and to evidence (based on HR in this study
and on blood pressure in other studies) on physiological (cardiovascular) arousal. 相似文献
73.
Radzikowski C 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(1):103-110
The use of experimental animals, mostly rodents, in biomedical research and especially in oncology and immunology should be
acknowledged with respect, recognizing the contribution of animal experimentation in the fascinating scientific progress in
these disciplines of research. It is an obligation of the investigator to justify the scientific and ethical aspects of each
study requiring the use of animals. The international guiding principles for using animals in biomedical research are well
defined and have been distributed worldwide by the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS) since 1956,
when this Organization was founded. In Poland the ICLAS philosophy and principles are highly respected and were implemented
firstly by the members of the Commission on Biology of Experimental Animals appointed in 1962 by the Department of Medical
Science of the Polish Academy of Science in Warsaw. Animal Protection Acts, first proclaimed in 1928 were gradually modified
and improved. Actual legislation (enacted in 1997, 2003 and 2005) is consistent with EU Directives (86/609/EEC) and follows
the internationally recommended principles that include ICLAS guidelines concerning animal welfare and care condition in biomedical
research. The problem of “alternative methods” is briefly discussed.
Dr. Donald Boisvert, CCAC — Canadian Council on Animal Care
A lecture on the subject of this paper was presented at the 6th International Bioethics Conference entitled ‘The Responsible
Conduct of Basic and Clinical Research’, held in Warsaw, Poland, 3–4 June 2005.
The author is the National Representative of Polish Academy of Science to the International Council for Laboratory Animal
Science (ICLAS) and a Member of the ICLAS Governing Board. 相似文献
74.
Corinna Delkeskamp-Hayes 《Christian Bioethics: Non-Ecumenical Studies in Medical Morality》2005,11(2):93-132
Distinguishing within "sin" the dimensions of anomia, hamartia, and asthenia makes it possible to analyze in greater detail the contrary manners in which traditional and post-traditional Christianities in this issue of Christian Bioethics endeavor to recapture what was lost when secular bioethics reconstructed the specifically spiritual-context-oriented normative commitments of Christianity in one-dimensionally moral terms. Various post-traditional attempts at securing moral orientation and resources for forgiveness, both of which secular bioethics finds increasingly difficult to provide, are critically reviewed. Their engagement of secular moral concepts and concerns, and even their adoption of an academically philosophical posture and language, is presented as responsible for their failure to adequately preserve what in traditional Christianity would count as prohibited vs. permitted, and advisable vs. non-advisable, or what would allow to resolve "tragic conflicts." The deeper reason for this failure lies in post-traditional Christianity's restricting the Christian life (with its central tension between love and the law) to what can be captured by cognitive categories. As the survey of several traditionally Christian accounts of sin in bioethics makes clear, both moral orientation (along with the resolution of "tragic" conflicts) and the sources of forgiveness are available, once that Christian life is framed in terms of persons' spirit-supported practical involvement in ascesis and liturgy, and once bioethical reflections are situated in the experiential context of such involvement. 相似文献
75.
According to Bickle, certain empirical results demonstrate that the bottom-up reduction of phychological concepts to the concepts
of neuroscience has already been accomplished. I argue that this conclusion is hasty. Bickle claims that all high-level investigations
depend on a mistake. I argue that this overstates the explanatory character of neuroscientific findings. Bickle's assessment
is highly optimistic, but he is far from making a decisive argument. Those who wait for a full-blown reductionism will have
to wait a little longer. 相似文献
76.
Mark Vorobej 《Argumentation》1995,9(2):291-304
In this paper I demonstrate that most textbook accounts of the linked/convergent distinction fail to conform to the widespread intuition that all valid arguments ought to be classified as linked arguments. I also show that standard textbook accounts of linkage and convergence cannot provide a satisfactory treatment of fallacies of irrelevance and, due to their general insensitivity to the epistemic context in which arguments are offered, must be supplemented by subjective accounts of linkage and convergence which appeal exclusively to authorial beliefs and intentions.Drafts of this paper were read at the Ontario Philosophical Society meeting held at Trent University in October 1990 and the Central Division meeting of the American Philosophical Association held in Chicago in April 1991. I thank Trudy Govier, Hans Hansen and an anonymous referee for helpful and encouraging comments on various drafts. 相似文献
77.
Willem A. deVries 《International Journal of Philosophical Studies》2019,27(3):363-378
ABSTRACTI have claimed previously that Hegel and Sellars are both, in the end, monistic visionaries, though with radically different visions of the grand unity of things. In this paper I explain and defend that claim. Section one differentiates several kinds of monism; section two discusses Hegel’s vision of the underlying unity of thing, while section three does the same for Sellars. The compare-and-contrast assignment is brought to completion in section four. 相似文献
78.
79.
Kenyon B. De Greene 《World Futures: Journal of General Evolution》2013,69(2-3):77-100
The importance of preparing now for the next century is emphasized. The author's field and Kondratiev theories as a basis for long‐range policymaking over periods of dynamic, recon‐figurational change are briefly reviewed, and a number of assumptions relevant to this kind of policymaking are provided.. Equilibrium and nonequilibrium structures and thinking are contrasted. Limitations to control associated with limits to knowledge and knowability are discussed. The possibility is considered that continuation of present policies and practices may accelerate movement along a trajectory to nowhere. Problem solutions are considered within the context of what is meant by a civilized society, and some 15 characteristics of a civilized society are proposed. The theoretical basis for preparation for the Twenty‐First Century is advanced. Deficiencies in the present dominant politicoeconomic theories of Western Capitalistic Democracy and Marxism are discussed, and the need for a new set of “founding fathers” is proposed. The importance of developing and implementing a replacement theory of similar magnitude to present theories is emphasized, and the nature of this theory is briefly sketched. Some recommendations for guided paradigm change are offered. 相似文献
80.
Nathaniel J. Blanco A. Ross Otto W. Todd Maddox Christopher G. Beevers Bradley C. Love 《Cognition》2013
People with symptoms of depression show impairments in decision-making. One explanation is that they have difficulty maintaining rich representations of the task environment. We test this hypothesis in the context of exploratory choice. We analyze depressive and non-depressive participants’ exploration strategies by comparing their choices to two computational models: (1) an “Ideal Actor” model that reflectively updates beliefs and plans ahead, employing a rich representation of the environment and (2) a “Naïve Reinforcement Learning” (RL) model that updates beliefs reflexively utilizing a minimal task representation. Relative to non-depressive participants, we find that depressive participants’ choices are better described by the simple RL model. Further, depressive participants were more exploratory than non-depressives in their decision-making. Depressive symptoms appear to influence basic mechanisms supporting choice behavior by reducing use of rich task representations and hindering performance during exploratory decision-making. 相似文献