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排序方式: 共有242条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Joel I. Friedman 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2005,34(3):227-273
Modal Platonism utilizes “weak” logical possibility, such that it is logically possible there are abstract entities, and logically possible there are none. Modal Platonism also utilizes a non-indexical actuality operator.
Modal Platonism is the EASY WAY, neither reductionist nor eliminativist, but embracing the Platonistic language of abstract entities while eliminating ontological commitment to them.
STATEMENT OF MODAL PLATONISM. Any consistent statement B ontologically committed to abstract entities may be replaced by an empirically equivalent modalization, MOD(B), not so ontologically committed. This equivalence is provable using Modal/Actuality Logic S5@.
Let MAX be a strong set theory with individuals. Then the following Schematic Bombshell Result (SBR) can be shown:
MAX logically yields [T is true if and only if MOD(T) is true], for scientific theories T.
The proof utilizes Stephen Neale’s clever model-theoretic interpretation of Quantified Lewis S5, which I extend to S5@. 相似文献
72.
WILLIAM RAMSEY 《Metaphilosophy》2006,37(1):53-73
A popular argument supporting functionalism has been what is commonly called the “multiple realizability” argument. One version of this argument uses thought experiments designed to show that minds could be composed of different types of material. This article offers a metaphilosophical analysis of this argument and shows that it fails to provide a strong case for functionalism. The multiple realizability argument is best understood as an inference‐to‐the‐best‐explanation argument, whereby a functionalist account of our mental concepts serves to explain our multiple realizability intuitions. I show that the argument is inadequate because alternative accounts of our mental concepts exist that provide equally plausible explanations for these intuitions. Moreover, in the case of our qualia concepts, a nonfunctionalist account explains several other intuitions that functionalism cannot explain. Thus, despite its popularity, the intuition‐based version of the multiple realizability argument is a poor reason for accepting functionalism. 相似文献
73.
In this paper we consider the structure of the class FGModS of full generalized models of a deductive system S from a universal-algebraic point of view, and the structure of the set of all the full generalized models of S on a fixed algebra A from the lattice-theoretical point of view; this set is represented by the lattice FACSs A of all algebraic closed-set systems C on A such that (A, C) ε FGModS. We relate some properties of these structures with tipically logical properties of the sentential logic S. The main algebraic properties we consider are the closure of FGModS under substructures and under reduced products, and the property that for any A the lattice FACSs A is a complete sublattice of the lattice of all algebraic closed-set systems over A. The logical properties are the existence
of a fully adequate Gentzen system for S, the Local Deduction Theorem and the Deduction Theorem for S. Some of the results are established for arbitrary deductive systems, while some are found to hold only for deductive systems
in more restricted classes like the protoalgebraic or the weakly algebraizable ones. The paper ends with a section on examples
and counterexamples.
Dedicated to the memory of Willem Johannes Blok 相似文献
74.
采用元分析技术探讨道德概念具身隐喻及其影响因素。通过文献检索和筛选, 共有65篇文献153个独立样本符合元分析标准( N = 8659)。元分析结果显示, 道德概念具身隐喻的始源域与目标域存在中等程度正相关(r = 0.34); 调节效应检验表明, 道德概念具身隐喻受文化背景和隐喻维度的影响, 但不受隐喻映射方向、研究范式和感觉通道的影响。以上研究结果表明, 道德概念具身隐喻具有心理现实性, 并且受文化背景和隐喻维度的调节, 具体而言, 东方文化背景下个体的道德概念具身隐喻更强, 道德概念与空间维度和大小维度的隐喻联结程度更高。 相似文献
75.
76.
Do young children who seek the conceptual kind of an artifact weigh the plausibility that a current function constitutes the function intended by the object designer? Three- and four-year-olds were encouraged to question adults about novel artifacts. After inquiring about what an object was, some children were shown a function that plausibly accounted for the structural features of the object; others were shown a possible, but implausible function. Children given implausible functions were less satisfied with these responses than those given plausible functions, as shown by their more persistent attempts to ask follow-up questions about function. Accordingly, preschoolers appear to take into account matters of intentional design when assigning artifacts to conceptual kinds. 相似文献
77.
现代医学人文回归的学术性与现实性 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
赵美娟 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2004,25(8):25-27
以生物-心理-社会医学模式为背景,以哲学和生态审美理论为起点,提出了"医学人文精神"、"医学人文关怀"等概念,在此基础上,分析了医学人文回归的内容及其与医学审美之间的内在联系.从学术性和现实性两个层面,针对我国存在的医学人文缺失的现状,分析了以"三观"(生命观、健康的可持续发展观、科学观)为基础的人文信仰的内容、功能与意义,以及如何从内容与形式辩证统一的审美视角出发,运用美的规律去改善、丰富和提升医学人文关怀的境界. 相似文献
78.
Gunnar Karlsson 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2004,85(2):381-399
This article aims to clarify the psychoanalytic conceptualisation of the psychical, which includes a discussion of the relationship between consciousness and the unconscious. The unconscious is conceived of as being on the border between the so-called 'ego's conscious intending' and a rudimentary body-ego experiencing. Phenomenological ideas on the essence of consciousness are used in order to help delineate the crucial differences between consciousness and the unconscious. Only consciousness is characterised by an awareness of itself, that is; self-consciousness. Furthermore, consciousness is characterised by an intentional, synthesising capacity, whereas the functioning of the unconscious, in its most radical form, is the opposite ofthe intentionality of consciousness. It is argued that the unconscious pre-supposes certain pre-sexual processes, in the form of a body-ego's formation of continuity, coherence and wholeness. The body-ego belongs to the sphere of consciousness/self-consciousness, even if self-consciousness is only given implicitly in the body-ego and not as a fully fledged ego cogito . Attention is drawn to neglected issues in psychoanalytic theorising, namely self-consciousness and the constitution of existence. The importance of this neglected area for the psychoanalytic process is illustrated with clinical examples. 相似文献
79.
Josep Maria Font 《Studia Logica》2009,91(3):383-406
This is a contribution to the discussion on the role of truth degrees in manyvalued logics from the perspective of abstract
algebraic logic. It starts with some thoughts on the so-called Suszko’s Thesis (that every logic is two-valued) and on the
conception of semantics that underlies it, which includes the truth-preserving notion of consequence. The alternative usage
of truth values in order to define logics that preserve degrees of truth is presented and discussed. Some recent works studying
these in the particular cases of Łukasiewicz’s many-valued logics and of logics associated with varieties of residuated lattices
are also presented. Finally the extension of this paradigm to other, more general situations is discussed, highlighting the
need for philosophical or applied motivations in the selection of the truth degrees, due both to the interpretation of the
idea of truth degree and to some mathematical difficulties. 相似文献
80.
俞吾金 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2009,4(3):400-416
For a long time, under the influence of traditional Western philosophy, Orthodox interpreters have distorted Marx’s philosophy
as the ontology of matter, thereby concealing the essence of Marx’s philosophy, and eliminating the fundamental difference
between Marx’s philosophy and traditional philosophy. This paper proposes that Marx’s philosophy is not the ontology of matter,
but on the contrary, by examining the ontology of matter, Marx put forward his own ontological theory, i.e., the ontology
of the praxis-relations of social production, by which Marx linked the realms of phenomenon and essence, revealing the content
and essence of his philosophy.
__________
Translated by Kong Hui from Zhexue yanjiu 哲学研究 (Philosophical Researches), 2008, (3): 3–11 相似文献