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171.
伦理智慧视野中的企业竞争与企业社会责任 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在市场经济发展中,应树立正确的竞争意识,避免导致企业灾难的恶性竞争。企业应在有合作的竞争中,在追求“内在利益”的经营中实现“双赢”。唤起企业的社会责任是企业伦理建设的重要内容。伦理智慧在企业竞争中,在追求"内在利益"中,在承担社会责任中表现出来。 相似文献
172.
Matthew R. Sanders James N. Kirby John W. Toumbourou Timothy A. Carey Sophie S. Havighurst 《Australian psychologist》2020,55(2):91-101
Psychology and the social sciences have an important role to play in developing innovative solutions to pressing global mental health and social problems. Programs developed by psychologists and other social scientists have immense potential to alleviate suffering and to promote healthy human development across the lifespan. In order to realise this potential program developers must manage the research and development challenges involved in testing an intervention, evaluating, and then preparing it for wider dissemination and scaling. Particular challenges and conflicts can occur in managing the joint roles of being a program developer and a researcher evaluating an intervention or innovation. This article examines the management of various forms of conflicts of interest that have the potential to produce bias and decrease the confidence of policy makers, funders, practitioners, fellow researchers, and the public in the value of psychological interventions. We argue that best practice guidelines are needed to assist developers negotiate the predictable, sometime unavoidable but challenging conflicts of interest that arise in the research process. 相似文献
173.
医学伦理学不可忽视的课题:利益伦理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
杜治政 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2007,28(9):1-2,6
当今是一个以利益为轴心的时代。利益伦理学是医学伦理学不可忽视的课题。将病人利益置于首位应当是现代医学伦理学的首要原则。欲望是无穷的,利益是有限的。任何利益都有自己的边界和限度。我们必须设置利益的道德界限,以回答当前医学伦理学面临的种种现实课题。 相似文献
174.
Holland’s [Holland, J. L. (1959). A theory of occupational choice. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 6, 35-45; Holland, J. L. (1997). Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and work environments (3rd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.] RIASEC types were initially developed using a restricted range of occupational titles. Holland’s type classification system has been extended to encompass the full range of occupations in the US, using both statistical and expert rating methods. However, the extent that Holland’s classification model is sufficient to represent the full range of occupational interests has not been examined. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) was used to analyze college students’ (266 men, 572 women) interests in occupations representing approximately 85% of the US labor market. A two-dimensional MDS solution of the full set of occupations did not fit Holland’s model, but limiting the analysis to occupations used in Holland-based measures produced the expected RIASEC structure. In comparison, a three-dimensional solution included Prediger’s [Prediger, D. J. (1982). Dimensions underlying Holland’s hexagon: Missing link between interests and occupations? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 21, 259-287] dimensions (Things/People and Data/Ideas) consistent with Holland’s model, but also included prestige and sex-type dimensions that were not orthogonal to Prediger’s dimensions. These results demonstrate that the RIASEC types are not sufficient to represent the full range of occupational interests and are confounded with prestige and sex-type. 相似文献
175.
176.
Górski A 《Science and engineering ethics》2001,7(3):307-312
Conclusions Continued scientific and medical progress in Central and Eastern Europe depends on the development of an atmosphere that is
conducive to implementing the changes that are necessary to bring better health and longer lives for everyone. Privatization
and commercialization are threatening the objectivity of clinical research and the availability of health care because uncontrolled
market mechanisms focused on profit are nurturing conflict of interest that generate bias and unreliability into research
and medicine. Changes are needed that address the following:
相似文献
– | The amount of public support for basic and clinical research and health care, |
– | standards for the conduct of clinical trials and delivery of health care, |
– | administrative procedures for responding to the conflict of interest problem. |
177.
为考察计算流畅性对小学低年级儿童数学焦虑的影响及作用机制,对592名小学二年级儿童的计算流畅性、数学学习兴趣、教师支持和数学焦虑进行测查。结果发现:(1)计算流畅性不仅通过数学学习兴趣间接影响数学焦虑,也可通过数学学习兴趣进而通过教师支持间接影响数学焦虑;(2)对计算流畅性和数学学习兴趣得分进行潜剖面分析,可将儿童区分为三种类型:低能力-低兴趣型、高能力-高兴趣型和低能力-高兴趣型;(3)低能力-低兴趣型儿童的数学焦虑得分显著高于其他两类,而低能力-高兴趣型和高能力-高兴趣型儿童的数学焦虑得分则无显著差异。上述结果表明计算流畅性、数学学习兴趣和教师支持在预防和干预小学低年级儿童的数学焦虑中具有重要作用。 相似文献
178.
Zilgalvis P 《Science and engineering ethics》2002,8(3):277-281
Conflict of interest is an issue that has been put in the spotlight by the commercial application of the new biomedical technologies.
This paper presents the approach of the Council of Europe and the binding legal instruments to deal with this problem. The
main focus is on the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, and its draft additional Protocol on Biomedical Research.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an International Conference on “Conflict of Interest and its Significance
in Science and Medicine” held in Warsaw, Poland on 5–6 April, 2002.
The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect any official position of the Council of Europe. 相似文献
179.
Jafarey AM 《Science and engineering ethics》2002,8(3):353-362
Health research for progress in the control and conquest of disease afflicting man is unquestionable. Concerns arise when
motives other than the advancement of scientific knowledge and benefit for individuals and society are the driving force behind
clinical trials. These conflicts of interests become even more pronounced when dealing with populations rendered vulnerable
by virtue of poverty and ignorance. South Asia with its teeming millions represents one such region. This essay examines the
reasons that make this population vulnerable to exploitation. Informed consent in the process of research is an area where
such conflicts are prone to arise. In order to ensure that conflicting interests of researchers and funding agencies are kept
in check, the processes of informed consent and ethical review of research need to be strengthened. Suggestions are put forward
to modify the consent process to match the needs of South Asia and to strengthen the ethical review process for safeguarding
the rights of the study subjects. But perhaps the most important safeguard against exploitation is the virtuous researcher
himself with noble intentions.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an International Conference on “Conflict of Interest and its Significance
in Science and Medicine” held in Warsaw, Poland on 5–6 April, 2002. 相似文献
180.
The relationship between interest and knowledge was investigated in a representative sample of 11th grade students from cultures that differ in the strength of their gender-role stereotypes and their endorsement of effort-based versus interest-based learning. Among 11th graders from the United States (N = 1052), Taiwan (N = 1475), and Japan (N = 1119), boys preferred science, math, and sports, whereas girls preferred language arts, music, and art. General information scores were comparable across the three locations; however, boys consistently outscored girls. Gender and interest in science independently predicted general information scores, whereas gender and interest in math independently predicted mathematics scores. Cultural variations in the strength of the relationship between gender, interest, and scores indicate that specific socialization practices can minimize or exaggerate these gender differences. 相似文献