Assessing the Impact of a Race‐Based Course on Counseling Students: A Quantitative Study

This study sought to determine changes in 121 White counseling students following their participation in an experiential, race‐based course taught in a group format. Pre‐ and postoutcomes were reported based on instruments that measured White racial identity development, White privilege, color blindness, and the costs of racism. Findings indicated significant changes according to the majority of measures, although with certain distinctions. Findings are discussed in light of the current literature. Este estudio trató de determinar los cambios en 121 estudiantes blancos de consejería después de su participación en un curso experiencial basado en la raza que se enseñó en formato de grupo. Se comunicaron los resultados previos y posteriores basándose en instrumentos que midieron el desarrollo de la identidad racial blanca, el privilegio blanco, la falta de percepción de color y los costos del racismo. Los hallazgos indicaron cambios significativos según la mayoría de mediciones, aunque con ciertas distinciones. Se discuten los hallazgos a la luz de las investigaciones actuales.     

Coparenting Profiles in the Context of Mexican‐Origin Teen Pregnancy: Links to Mother–Daughter Relationship Quality and Adjustment

The current study explored the multifaceted nature of the mother–adolescent coparental relationship with data from 167 Mexican‐origin adolescent mothers and their own mothers at 10 months post childbirth. Profiles of mother–adolescent coparenting were created with latent profile analysis using adolescents’ reports of three dimensions of coparenting (communication, involvement, and conflict). Four profiles were identified: (a) Harmonious Coparents (equal involvement, high communication, low conflict); (b) Harmonious‐Adolescent Primary (adolescent is more involved than mother, high communication, low conflict); (c) Conflictual Coparents (equal involvement, high communication, high conflict); and (d) Conflictual‐Adolescent Primary (adolescent is more involved than mother, moderate communication, high conflict). Families characterized by high mother–daughter conflict and psychological control prior to childbirth were more likely to belong in the Conflictual Coparents profile. In addition, adolescents’ and mothers’ depressive symptoms and parenting efficacy after childbirth were linked to profile membership, such that the Harmonious‐Adolescent Primary profile reported the most positive adjustment patterns, whereas profiles with high coparental conflict (i.e., Conflictual Coparenting and Conflictual‐Adolescent Primary profiles) showed the least positive adjustment patterns. Discussion considers the applied implications of identifying precursors to healthy and problematic mother–daughter coparenting for families of adolescent mothers in the early years of parenting.     

Pilot Study of a Program to Increase Mothers’ Understanding of Dads

The present study evaluated the effects of mothers' participation in an 8‐week coparenting intervention program, Understanding Dad^?, on mothers' awareness and attitudes regarding how their relationships with fathers influence paternal involvement with children, knowledge of healthy pro‐relationship skills, and relationship self‐efficacy. Thirty‐four mothers were recruited from four sites to participate in a study that used a pretest/posttest one‐group design. Over the course of this 8‐week program, mothers demonstrated moderate to large gains in each of the outcome measures, after controlling for mothers' educational level. Moreover, there was one significant within‐subjects interaction effect for time × location. That is, mothers made significantly greater gains in pro‐relationship knowledge in one of the intervention sites. Implications for future research are discussed.     

The Embodied Attunement of Therapists and a Couple within Dialogical Psychotherapy: An Introduction to the Relational Mind Research Project

In dialogical practice, therapists seek to respond to the utterances of clients by including in their own response what the client said. No research so far exists on how, in dialogs, therapists and clients attune themselves to each other with their entire bodies. The research program The Relational Mind is the first to look at dialog in terms of both the outer and the inner dialogs of participants (clients and therapists), observed in parallel with autonomic nervous system (ANS) measurements. In the ANS, the response occurs immediately, even before conscious thought, making it possible to follow how participants in a multiactor dialog synchronize their reactions and attune themselves to each other. The couple therapy case presented in this article demonstrates how attunement is often not a simple “all at the same time” phenomenon, but rather a complex, dyadic or triadic phenomenon which changes over time. In the case presented, there was strong synchrony between one therapist and one client in terms of their arousal level throughout the therapy session. It was also observed that high stress could occur when someone else was talking about something related to the participant, or if that person mirrored the participant's words. Overall, it seems that in evaluating the rhythmic attunement between therapists and clients it is not enough to look at single variables; instead, integrated information from several channels is needed when one is seeking to make sense of the embodiment.     

An “Afterthought”: Counseling Trainees’ Multicultural Competence Within the Spiritual/Religious Domain

Although spiritual/religious identity development is included within multicultural training on the theoretical level, significant gaps exist in counseling trainees’ practical preparation for spiritual/religious competence. This grounded theory study explores counseling trainees’ multicultural counseling competence within the spiritual/religious domain. Findings reveal that although trainees participated in multicultural counseling preparation, they experienced spiritual/religious training as an “afterthought,” and they identified the need for training opportunities that encouraged skill development and exploration and increased self‐awareness. A pesar de que se incluye el desarrollo de la identidad espiritual o religiosa a nivel teórico en la formación multicultural, existen vacíos significativos en la preparación práctica de los estudiantes de consejería para su competencia espiritual o religiosa. Este estudio de teoría fundamentada explora la competencia multicultural de estudiantes de consejería dentro del ámbito espiritual o religioso. Los hallazgos revelan que, aunque los estudiantes tomaron parte en preparación para consejería multicultural, solo experimentaron capacitación espiritual o religiosa como una idea secundaria, e identificaron la necesidad de oportunidades de formación que impulsen la exploración y el desarrollo de habilidades así como un aumento de la autoconciencia.     

Consultation to Improve a Special Educaton Teacher's Participation in Annual Review Multidisciplinary Team Meetings

Annual review multidisciplinary team meetings, in which special education student cases are reviewed and placement decisions made for the coming year, depend for their effectiveness on appropriate teacher assessment of student progress. This article reports on a consultation effort, internal to a multidisciplinary team, from which were developed two decision-making models which allowed a special education teacher to assess problem areas in her typical preparation for meetings and to devise more systematic preparation procdures. Changes resulting from the consultation are discussed. General issues posing difficulties for multidisciplinary team staffing of students in classes for the emotionally disturbed are also described.     

Standards on how to develop and report systematic reviews in Psychology and Health

Systematic reviews are secondary studies that summarize the best scientific evidence available by means of explicit and rigorous methods to identify, select, appraise, analyse and summarise the empirical studies that enable responding to specific questions. The aim of this theoretical study is to set out a series of standards and recommendations for the planning, development and reporting of a systematic review in the field of the health sciences. The article describes the systematic reviews in the context of practice based on scientific evidence, their rise, justification, applicability and differences compared to traditional literature reviews. Secondly, the methodology is set out for their development and guidelines are established for their preparation; the stages of the process and preparation of a protocol are described with emphasis on the steps to follow to prepare and report a systematic review. Finally, some additional considerations are set out for their preparation and publication in a scientific journal. This guide is aimed both at authors and reviewers of a systematic review.     

La explicación en psicología ante el desafío del significado

Resumen

En este artículo se indagan los fundamentos de la psicología científica, a través de las relaciones entre el mundo, el pensamientoy el lenguaje. Para ello, parte de los filósofos griegos hasta llegar al siglo XIX, momento en que emergen las problemáticas histórica y evolucionista, pero igualmente una posición radicalmente contradictoria: el positivismo. Desde la lógica del fraccionamiento y la atomización, nacen las ciencias humanas/sociales, elaboradas sobre la base de la posición reaccionaria y estática de Comte, más que sobre la posición dinámica e histórica heredada de Darwin. Es preciso por tanto revisar la arquitectura de las ciencias humanas en tres niveles: El primero tiene como dominio de aplicación las preconstrucciones históricas humanas. El segundo se refiere a los medios que las comunidades humanas se dan para asegurar la transmisión y reproducción de esaspreconstrucciones. El último se refiere a los efectos de la transmisión de laspreconstruccionescolec-tivas sobre la constitución y desarrollo de las personas.     

La insoportable agencialidad del ser: condiciones de posibilidad para una psicología del sujeto agente y de la acción significativa

Resumen

En este artículo se reflexiona sobre las formas en que diferentes ciencias sociales y humanas han intentado definir las dimensiones de la agencialidad humana. Centrándose en los desarrollos de la psicología, la sociología y la antropología se analiza el resurgimiento actual de la cuestión de la agencialidad y sus dimensiones etopolíticas en un escenario postmoderno marcado por la globalización, las nuevas formas de ciudadanía y la multiculturalidad. Se recorren críticamente algunas de las propuestas que la psicología ha elaborado para explicar la agencialidad: desde las propuestas socioconstruccionistas—y sus debates con otras psicologías que estabilizan al sujeto en estructuras cognitivas y formas comportamentales—, hasta aquellas herederas de la escuela sociohistórica—y sus debates internos acerca de la formas operatorias de la acción inscrita en procesos filo, onto y sociogenéticos—. Este amplio recorrido ofrece un marco desde el cual interpretar y poner en perspectiva los diferentes artículos que forman este número monográfico.