生育价值观的理论构建及问卷的初步编制

通过文献综述、开放式调查、专家咨询和小样本测试的统计分析等提出了生育价值观的理论构想,以此为基础自编了育龄青年生育价值观问卷,并对正式问卷调查结果进行了探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,结果表明：生育价值观是一个多层次和多维度的体系,包括3个二阶因素和9个一阶因素。该研究所构建的生育价值观理论结构比较合理,初步编制的量表需修订和完善。本研究可以为继续探讨人们的生育价值观特征提供有意义的基础。     

武汉地区大学生社会能力的结构及其问卷编制

从分析大学阶段的关键性发展任务出发,将我国大学生的社会能力分为事务处理能力、一般人际交往能力和建立与发展友谊的能力三个方面。以文献研究为基础,结合开放式问卷所获资料,分别提出了关于这三种社会能力结构的理论构想,编制了大学生社会能力问卷。武汉市1048名大学生参与了正式问卷的施测,结果表明,事务处理能力的四因素结构、一般人际交往能力的五因素结构和建立与发展友谊的能力的五因素结构是较为合理的,自编大学生社会能力问卷的信效度达到心理测量学要求。     

眼动分析与运动心理学研究

通过眼动分析可以比较深入地考察运动员在比赛中的心理活动过程,并且可以比较专家和新手的差异。该文对国内外的运动心理学的眼动研究进行了较为全面的回顾,同时对这个领域的研究现状和发展趋势进行了评述与展望。     

A Brief Questionnaire for Measuring Self-Efficacy in Youths

The current study examined the reliability and validity of the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C) in a sample of young adolescents (N = 330). Factor analysis of the SEQ-C revealed three factors that were in keeping with the intended subscales: social self-efficacy, academic self-efficacy, and emotional self-efficacy. Furthermore, results showed that the SEQ-C has satisfactory internal consistency. Finally, SEQ-C scores correlated in a theoretically meaningful way with a measure of depression. That is, the lower children's SEQ-C scores, the higher their level of depression. Possible applications of the SEQ-C are briefly discussed.     

大学生的冲动性特质与自杀意念的关系:一个有调节的中介模型

以应激-易感模型为依据考察冲动性特质与自杀意念的关系,并在此基础上提出一个有调节的中介模型,探讨负性生活事件影响的中介作用以及家庭环境的调节作用。采用巴瑞特冲动性量表、青少年生活事件量表、家庭环境量表、贝克自杀意念量表对902名大学生进行集体施测,旨在考察负性生活事件的影响对大学生冲动性特质与自杀意念的中介作用以及家庭环境的调节作用,结果表明:(1)冲动性特质和负性生活事件的影响能正向预测大学生的自杀意念;(2)负性生活事件的影响在冲动性特质和自杀意念之间起中介作用;(3)负性生活事件影响的中介作用和冲动性特质的直接作用受家庭环境的调节。这些结果对于综合解释环境与个体因素对自杀意念的作用与机制具有重要意义。     

Spatial navigation: Cognitive variables involved in route retracing among an elderly population

The cognitive processes involved in route retracing are not well known. This study aims to highlight them in an elderly population in which contradictory results have been obtained, certain studies showing specific difficulties for route retracing, others not. Thirty-nine elderly subjects performed a route-learning task (forward-backward) in a garden, then completed spatial knowledge tasks and standardised cognitive tests. Results show four factors that were predictive of route retracing performance: route repetition, the pointing task, and two standardised cognitive tests, one assessing spatial working memory, and another global cognitive efficiency. According to these results, route retracing involves route and survey knowledge (i.e., egocentric and allocentric strategy), and the integration of forward-backward perspectives is underpinned by the spatial working memory. Moreover, the subjects did not make more errors in route retracing than in the route repetition task, suggesting that a real environment could compensate for a failing allocentric strategy.     

Helping older pedestrians navigate unknown environments through vibrotactile guidance instructions

Many studies have consistently found evidence of aging-related navigation difficulties that lead to disorientation behaviors and/or reduced travel. Despite technological advances, older pedestrians mainly use paper maps to find their way in unknown environments while they have a lot of difficulties in using and interacting with them efficiently. In this context, the present study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness and acceptability and study older pedestrian’s behavior when wearing a vibrotactile instructions to help them finding their way in an unknown city as compared with visual instructions provided by a paper map. Fifty-eight participants (20 young adults ages 21–45, 20 younger-old adults ages 61–70, and 18 older-old adults ages 71–80) took part in a simulated navigation task where participants had to go from point A to point B in a virtual city. The task was performed either with a vibrotactile wristband delivering directional messages or with a standard paper map showing the visual instructions to follow. The data showed that vibrotactile guidance instructions improved the correct numbers of turns taken (left/right) at simple intersections. They also reduced travel time as compared with visual guidance instructions provided by a paper map. These benefits were greater among the older-old participants, who had trouble using the paper map and thus benefited greatly from the assistance provided by the vibrotactile guidance instructions. These findings suggest that such an assistance device using simple haptic guidance messages is able to improve older pedestrians’ mobility.     

Analysis of higher education and management model based on cognitive anthropology

In this paper, the application of computer technology in higher education and management mode based on cognitive anthropology was studied and a teaching recommendation method was constructed. Firstly, on the basis of the existing teaching recommendation research results, teaching recommendation was carried out by adopting the methods of linear weighting and cascade combination and combining with human social factors, geographical factors and time factors, and the validity of the results was improved. Then, the expansion was carried out in the Apache cluster environment, and the efficiency and scalability of teaching recommendation were improved, so that an innovative mode of higher education research and management was created. Experiments show that the implementation efficiency of comprehensive teaching recommendation method achieved in an Apache cluster environment is high. As the amount of data increases, the efficiency advantages become more pronounced.     

政策环境对实现残疾人康复服务的影响

根据《上海市残疾人"人人享有康复服务"评价指标体系》,采用综合评价法,对上海市6个区残疾人康复工作进行评价。研究发现,残疾人康复政策环境实现率为96.3%,5个二级指标实现率均超过80%,三级指标达标率63.3%。应明确残疾人康复工作的重要性,将残疾人康复纳入政策工作计划,各区残疾人康复政策环境建设应协调平衡发展。