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101.
Michael Davis Ph.D. 《Science and engineering ethics》1999,5(4):463-478
Many outside science and engineering, especially social scientists and “rhetoricians”, claim that rhetoric, “the art of persuasion”,
is an important part of technical communication. This claim is either trivial or false. If “persuasion” simply means “effective
communication”, then, of course, rhetoric is an important part of technical communication. But, if “persuasion” has anything
like its traditional meaning (a specific art of winning conviction), rhetoric is not an important part of technical communication;
indeed, its use in technical communication would be unethical.
[By] an advocate is meant one whose business it is to smooth over real difficulties, and to persuade where he cannot convince.
—Thomas Henry Huxley, Man’s Place in Nature
1 (p. 238) As a profession, engineers frown on persuasiveness and find it suspect.
—Dorothy A. Winsor, Writing Like an Engineer
2 (p. 12), A
Michael Davis’s research interests are in the areas of engineering ethics and the social contract. Recent published books
include Thinking Like an Engineer, 1998, Oxford, and Ethics and the University, 1999, Routledge. 相似文献
102.
Caring for offspring diagnosed with a chronic psychological disorder such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is used in research as a model of chronic stress. This chronic stress has been reported to have deleterious effects on caregivers' cognition, particularly in verbal declarative memory. Moreover, such cognitive decline may be mediated by testosterone (T) levels and negative affect, understood as depressive mood together with high anxiety and anger. This study aimed to compare declarative memory function in middle-aged women who were caregivers for individuals with ASD (n = 24; mean age = 45) and female controls (n = 22; mean age = 45), using a standardised memory test (Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test). It also sought to examine the role of care recipient characteristics, negative mood and T levels in memory impairments. ASD caregivers were highly sensitive to proactive interference and verbal forgetting. In addition, they had higher negative affect and T levels, both of which have been associated with poorer verbal memory performance. Moreover, the number of years of caregiving affected memory performance and negative affect, especially, in terms of anger feelings. On the other hand, T levels in caregivers had a curvilinear relationship with verbal memory performance; that is, increases in T were associated with improvements in verbal memory performance up to a certain point, but subsequently, memory performance decreased with increasing T. Chronic stress may produce disturbances in mood and hormonal levels, which in turn might increase the likelihood of developing declarative memory impairments although caregivers do not show a generalised decline in memory. These findings should be taken into account for understanding the impact of cognitive impairments on the ability to provide optimal caregiving. 相似文献
103.
Drucilla Cornell 《Metaphilosophy》2004,35(3):313-329
Abstract: This essay is about women being crucial to the constitution of the state and the construction of the ideal of the nation. It argues that the role of actual women as reproducers of the nation and as iconic representations of mythological figures at the helm of nation building is bound up with a certain psychical fantasy of woman. It argues further that Women in Black and other political activist groups have developed embodied feminist politics that not only bring the feminine body into public view during wartime but also undermine the place of the good woman as the reproducer of the nation who mourns only for the lost soldiers of her people. 相似文献
104.
Dawn M. Marsh Donald M. Dougherty Charles W. Mathias F. Gerard Moeller Lisa R. Hicks 《Personality and individual differences》2002,33(8)
Two types of behavioral models of impulsive behavior, response-disinhibition/attentional and reward-choice response models, were used to compare women grouped by high (Impulse+, n=43) and low (Impulse−, n=43) self-reported impulsive behavior on the Eysenck I7 Questionnaire. Two of the four different tasks tested were response-disinhibition/attentional models; these included the Immediate and Delayed Memory Task and the GoStop Task. The other two tasks were based on the reward-choice model of impulsivity and included the Single Key Impulsivity Paradigm and the Two-Choice Reward Task. Of particular interest was whether commission errors (response-disinhibition/attentional paradigms) or a preference for smaller–sooner rewards over larger–later rewards (reward-choice) would differ between the groups. Participants completed one session of each task in a single day. The most significant findings were that the Impulse+ group had: (1) elevated commission errors; (2) lower stimulus discriminability (between target and catch stimuli); and (3) poorer response inhibition to a stop signal. Responding on the response-disinhibition/attentional tasks distinguished between the impulsivity groups while the reward-choice tasks did not. These results demonstrate that women who report higher levels of trait impulsivity respond in a manner consistent with previous studies examining impulsive behavior. 相似文献
105.
Esther Mombo 《The Ecumenical review》2019,71(4):449-460
This article considers the role of theological education in developing the ministry of the church and the need for it to be relevant to the realities and needs of the people it is to serve. The article considers three factors – racism, imperialism, and tribalism – that influence theological education in different ways. It then turns to a consideration of African‐American womanist theology and African women's theology – as reflected in the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians – and the similarities between these two approaches as expressions of liberation theology and their relevance for inclusive global theological education. 相似文献
106.
107.
This study aims to explore the way in which women prisoners in Israel experience motherhood in prison and construct their motherhood after being released. In-depth interviews were conducted with 9 women, and the data were analyzed according to the phenomenological approach. The qualitative methodology generated 5 main themes: (a) motherhood in prison as a motive for survival; (b) the sense of failure experienced by mothers in prison; (c) coping versus avoidance in the mother-child relationship during imprisonment; (d) motherhood in prison as a motive for change; and (e) the transition from questioning the right to be a mother to redeeming motherhood. The 5 themes were organized into a model that depicts the process of becoming a mother in prison and the move toward mending the experience of motherhood. The findings indicate that side by side with the traumatic experiences of prison are other aspects that allow for growth and rehabilitation. The discussion focuses on 2 main issues that evolved from the findings: the reasons for the change in motherhood that occurs during imprisonment and the aspects of prison that enable this change. 相似文献
108.
Boaz Levy Dan Ariely Nina Mazar Won Chi Scott Lukas Igor Elman 《Learning and motivation》2008,39(2):136-145
Gender may be involved in the motivational processing of facial beauty. This study applied a behavioral probe, known to activate brain motivational regions, to healthy heterosexual subjects. Matched samples of men and women were administered two tasks: (a) key pressing to change the viewing time of average or beautiful female or male facial images, and (b) rating the attractiveness of these images. Men expended more effort (via the key-press task) to extend the viewing time of the beautiful female faces. Women displayed similarly increased effort for beautiful male and female images, but the magnitude of this effort was substantially lower than that of men for beautiful females. Heterosexual facial attractiveness ratings were comparable in both groups. These findings demonstrate heterosexual specificity of facial motivational targets for men, but not for women. Moreover, heightened drive for the pursuit of heterosexual beauty in the face of regular valuational assessments, displayed by men, suggests a gender-specific incentive sensitization phenomenon. 相似文献
109.
Rachel Rinaldo 《Contemporary Islam》2008,2(1):23-39
This article asks how pious religious practices, which are often highly gendered, and implicated in diverse formulations of
“the modern” in non-Western contexts. Based on ethnographic research among women members of Indonesia's Prosperous Justice
Party (PKS), I argue that PKS women’s pious practices are part of the creation of a particular kind of middle class subjectivity.
An examination of two constitutive elements of this habitus, clothing and marriage, reveals how these pious Islamic practices
enact class and gender difference, and simultaneously produce “modern” selves. While scholars have shown that gender is an
important axis for class difference, I extend this argument to suggest that gendered forms of piety are key ways class in
which distinctions are embodied and expressed. Yet the habitus of PKS women is just one of several competing Islamic habitus
in Indonesia. The question of which habitus is most culturally legitimate, I maintain, turns on the hegemony of particular
understandings of piety and ideas about how modernity should be defined–issues which remain unresolved in contemporary Indonesia.
相似文献
Rachel RinaldoEmail: |
110.
Amy L. Gilliland 《Sexuality & culture》2009,13(3):121-134
Thirteen women responded to an open-ended questionnaire about their female ejaculation experiences. Responses are described
from a phenomenological perspective. The major themes of responses include feelings of humiliation and shame or feelings of
exploration and wonder, moving towards acceptance or acceptance tinged with resignation. Women explain their relationships
to their bodies as well as their relationship to the ejaculation fluids and how this affects their sexual identities. The
origins of their sexual fluids are mysterious. The stimulation needed for ejaculation differed among respondents, and was
also found to occur separately from orgasm for some women. Ejaculation began at one of two distinct time points in the life
course. This study supports the existence of female ejaculation as a common experience for some women, and proposes new areas
for further exploration. 相似文献