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31.
This research explored the relative contributions of subjective perceptions of body weight and body shape/proportion, as well as objective measures of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) to disordered eating, exercise involvement, and body image. One hundred and fifty-eight female university students completed questionnaires and provided body measurements for this study. Although an interaction between BMI and WHR was found for some measures (i.e., Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire total and subscale scores), results indicated that BMI was consistently the better objective predictor of disordered eating and body image. Subjective perceptions of body weight and, to a lesser extent, body shape, were found to account for the greatest proportion of variance in the dependent measures (disordered eating, body esteem, and body dissatisfaction). Overall, these results offer more support for sociocultural theories emphasizing the importance of thinness for women, than evolutionary theories emphasizing the role of WHR. 相似文献
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Denise Sekaquaptewa 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2003,39(1):68-74
Women working in male-dominated environments may find themselves to be the only woman present, and that negative stereotypes about women persist in the environment. This experiment tested women’s performance in solo status (SS: being the only woman present) and under stereotype threat (ST: when women are stereotyped as poor performers). White male and female participants (157) learned information, then tested on it in an opposite-gender (SS) or same-gender group (nonsolo). In addition, the information was described as being traditional math material (ST) or a type of math information impervious to gender stereotypes (no threat). Women performed more poorly in SS than nonsolos, and under ST than no threat. Experiencing both factors was more detrimental to women’s performance than experiencing one or the other. Men’s performance was the same across all conditions. Performance expectancies partially mediated the effect of SS, but not ST, on performance. 相似文献
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Inger Bergman Brit Haver Hans Bergman Lena Dahlgren & Geir H. Nielsen 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》1998,39(1):47-54
This study identifies personality characteristics in a group of Swedish women (N=60) attending their first treatment for alcohol problems.The treatment programme specifically addressed women in an early phase of their drinking career, and was called "Early Treatment of Women with Alcohol Addiction" (EWA). Rorschach personality profiles of the 60 women differed significantly in almost all investigated aspects in a psychopathological direction from norms reported by Exner for a reference group of female non-patients. The findings are consistent with the assumption that, although the EWA women were socially well-functioning and fairly early in their drinking career, they nevertheless reveal serious underlying psychopathology. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
34.
Nadya A. Fouad Romila SinghKevin Cappaert Wen-hsin ChangMin Wan 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2016
The current research examined differences between women engineers who persisted in an engineering career versus those who left engineering using a combination of two prominent theories of career change: social cognitive career theory (SCCT, Lent, Brown & Hackett, 1994; 2002) and integrated model of career change (Rhodes & Doering, 1983). The two groups of women did not differ in three domains of self-confidence or outcome expectations (engineering tasks, navigating organizational climate, or multiple roles), in vocational interests, or in workplace barriers. Women who continue in engineering do differ from those who leave in their experience of workplace supports and their levels of occupational commitment. Engineering turnover intentions and occupational commitment emerged as the two key variables that explained 33.4% of the variance in persistence in engineering careers. We discuss the implications of the results in terms of theoretical development and practical implications for organizations. 相似文献
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Walter S. DeKeseredy McKenzie Rogness Martin D. Schwartz 《Aggression and violent behavior》2004,9(6):675-691
Many contend that the logical solution to woman abuse in marriage/cohabitation is for women to exit through legal separation, divorce, or other means. However, a growing body of empirical work shows that separation or divorce does not necessarily solve the problem of woman abuse. For example, in addition to experiencing lethal or nonlethal forms of physical violence and psychological abuse, many women who try to leave, or who have left their male partners, are sexually assaulted. The main objective of this paper is to critically review the extant empirical and theoretical work on separation/divorce sexual assault. Suggestions for future research and theorizing are also provided. 相似文献
38.
Although sport access for females has greatly improved, certain behaviors continue to be considered more or less appropriate
for females depending upon how compatible they are with biologically or socially constructed female characteristics. However,
young women who have grown up playing sports and continue participation at the college level have constructed meanings about
being a young woman and an athlete. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed to investigate how seven gymnasts
and seven softball players competing in NCAA Division I athletics view and contend with a “female/athlete paradox.” These
women recognized preferred femininity and at times constructed images based on this notion. However, they also embraced their
athleticism and felt at ease choosing not to perform femininity in some contexts. 相似文献
39.
This study examined the influence of feminist attitudes on self-objectification, habitual body monitoring, and body dissatisfaction in middle age and older women. The participants were 138 European American heterosexual women ranging in age from 40 to 87 years old. Consistent with previous research, self-objectification and habitual body monitoring were positively correlated with body dissatisfaction and, self-objectification and habitual body monitoring remained stable across the lifespan. While age did not moderate the relationship between self-objectification and body dissatisfaction, age was found to moderate the relationship between habitual body monitoring and body dissatisfaction such that the relationship was smaller for older women than for middle-aged women. Interestingly, feminist attitudes were not significantly correlated with body dissatisfaction, self-objectification, or habitual body monitoring, and endorsement of feminist attitudes was not found to moderate the relationship between self-objectification or habitual body monitoring and body dissatisfaction. Potential implications for older women are discussed. 相似文献
40.
Tamsin Bradley 《Journal of religion and health》2008,47(4):504-515
This article compares two projects designed to train groups of rural Rajasthani women as community health workers. Through
ethnographic research conducted during the training periods of each project I highlight stark differences in the management
and structural approaches. The successful project recognised the importance of rituals, specifically puja, in the daily lives
of participants. Both the NGO management and the trainees performed daily rituals that helped foster a supportive network.
Sensitivity combined with a wider insight into the practical realities and constraints facing women in rural Rajasthan contributed
to the long-term success of the second project. The first project has folded. I argue a lack of open dialogue and real connection
with participants meant the project’s management were unable to adapt /tailor the program to the needs and experiences of
the women involved.
相似文献
Tamsin BradleyEmail: |