全文获取类型
| 收费全文 | 336篇 |
| 免费 | 29篇 |
| 国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
| 373篇 |
出版年
| 2024年 | 5篇 |
| 2023年 | 9篇 |
| 2022年 | 5篇 |
| 2021年 | 15篇 |
| 2020年 | 26篇 |
| 2019年 | 24篇 |
| 2018年 | 22篇 |
| 2017年 | 28篇 |
| 2016年 | 23篇 |
| 2015年 | 13篇 |
| 2014年 | 12篇 |
| 2013年 | 62篇 |
| 2012年 | 11篇 |
| 2011年 | 17篇 |
| 2010年 | 7篇 |
| 2009年 | 14篇 |
| 2008年 | 11篇 |
| 2007年 | 7篇 |
| 2006年 | 6篇 |
| 2005年 | 4篇 |
| 2004年 | 9篇 |
| 2002年 | 6篇 |
| 2001年 | 6篇 |
| 2000年 | 4篇 |
| 1999年 | 2篇 |
| 1998年 | 1篇 |
| 1997年 | 3篇 |
| 1996年 | 3篇 |
| 1994年 | 2篇 |
| 1993年 | 2篇 |
| 1992年 | 3篇 |
| 1991年 | 3篇 |
| 1990年 | 2篇 |
| 1989年 | 1篇 |
| 1988年 | 1篇 |
| 1987年 | 1篇 |
| 1983年 | 1篇 |
| 1982年 | 1篇 |
| 1978年 | 1篇 |
排序方式： 共有373条查询结果，搜索用时 0 毫秒
121.
Can Rosenberg’s (1965) Stability of Self Scale (RSSS) capture within-person variability in state self-esteem over time? Whereas prior research found small correlations between the RSSS and temporal self-esteem instability (Kernis, Grannemann, & Barclay, 1989, 1992), we found moderate-to-large correlations. Our meta-analysis of these correlations showed convergent validity, and that studies with time-stamped state self-esteem assessments had higher correlations than those lacking them (Study 1). The RSSS also showed high test–retest reliability (Studies 2 & 3) and high convergent validity with the Labile Self-Esteem Scale (Dykman, 1998; Study 3). Exploratory analyses showed that the RSSS reflects short-term (daily, weekly) fluctuations in state self-esteem, but not long-term (annual) ones. We discuss the RSSS’ efficacy as an efficient state self-esteem instability measure. 相似文献
122.
Ruth Stanley 《Zygon》2009,44(4):825-846
Spiritual practices such as prayer have been shown to improve health and quality of life for those facing chronic or terminal illness. The early Christian healing tradition distinguished between types of prayer and their role in healing, placing great emphasis on the healing power of more integrated relational forms of prayer such as prayers of gratitude and contemplative prayer. Because autonomic tone is impaired in most disease states, autonomic homeostasis may provide insight into the healing effects of prayer. I report on observations in five volunteers engaging in five types of prayer. Using heart rate variability as a measure of autonomic tone and adaptability, I review the potential correlation of type of prayer with autonomic rebalance as measured specifically by psychophysiological coherence ratios. The five types—supplication, devotion, intercession, gratefulness, and contemplative prayer—elicited varying degrees of improvements in heart rate variability and corresponding psychophysiological coherence. These observations suggest a correlation of innate healing to prayer type that is consistent with teachings from the Christian healing tradition and with modern research. Further research is warranted to verify these hypotheses. 相似文献
123.
A Machado 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1997,68(1):1-25
Three experiments compared the amounts of behavioral variability generated with two reinforcement rules. In Experiments 1 and 2 pigeons received food whenever they generated a sequence of eight pecks, distributed over two keys, provided that the sequence contained a certain number of change-overs between the keys. Although no variability was required-the birds could obtain all reinforcers by repeating the same sequence-the pigeons emitted a large number of different sequences. In Experiment 3 pigeons received food whenever they generated a sequence that had not occurred during the last 25 trials. After prolonged training, the birds showed more sequence variability than in the first two experiments. The analysis of the internal structure of the response sequences revealed that, in general, (a) the location of the first peck was highly stereotyped; (b) as the trial advanced, the probability of switching to the initially preferred key decreased whereas the probability of switching to the other key increased; and (c) a first-order Markov chain model with transition probabilities given by a logistic function accounted well for the internal structure of the birds' response sequences. These findings suggest that, to a large extent, the variability of response sequences is an indirect effect of adjustments in changeover frequency. 相似文献
124.
Iver H. Iversen 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2021,115(1):102-114
Murray Sidman's statements regarding variability, experimental control, and generality are interwoven with examples from the literature on conditional discrimination. Sidman's position was that statistical inferences from group studies produce no information about the behavior of individual subjects and that statistical treatment of individual subject data masks variability which may represent conditions that are not controlled. Sidman's work on conditional discrimination provides excellent examples of how complex discriminations should be examined in detail with accuracy levels obtained for each type of discrimination within an experiment. Sidman made important contributions to the foundation of behavior analysis with extensive basic research as well as applications of methods and principles to clinical and educational settings. 相似文献
125.
Carolyn M. Ritchey Yuto Mizutani Toshikazu Kuroda Shawn Gilroy Christopher A. Podlesnik 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2021,116(3):344-358
Resurgence occurs when a previously reinforced and then extinguished target response increases due to reducing/eliminating an alternative source of reinforcement or punishing an alternative response. We evaluated whether duration of reinforcement history for a target response (1) affects the degree to which resurgence is observed in humans and (2) produces different gradients of response generalization around target responding during extinction testing. We arranged a novel touchscreen interface in which university students could swipe a 3D soccer ball to spin any direction. In Phase 1, the first direction swiped became the target and produced points exchangeable for money for 3 or 1 min across 2 groups. The first swipe was recorded but had no programmed consequence in a third group. In Phase 2, swipes 180-degrees from the target resulted in points for 3 min in all groups. Point deliveries ceased for 2 min to test for resurgence in Phase 3. Target responses resurged during testing to a relatively greater extent with longer Phase-1 training but gradients of response generalization did not differ among groups. These findings extend prior research on the role of training duration on resurgence. We discuss methodological and conceptual issues surrounding the assessment of response generalization in resurgence. 相似文献
126.
Temperament, i.e. individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation, emerges early in infancy; might temperament originate during fetal development? Mixed findings and methodological issues in the literature examining this consideration limit our understanding of the continuity between these fetal indices and infant temperament. The primary aims of the current study were to improve on published studies by (a) using standardized and well-accepted fetal cardiac (actocardiograph) and infant temperament measures (the Infant Behavior Questionnaire—Revised; IBQ-R) (b) expanding fetal assessments to include coupling (the cross correlation of heart rate with movement), and (c) examining a diverse sample to determine if findings of associations between fetal neurobehavior and infant temperament generalize beyond cohorts that are demographically well-resourced and predominantly white. Building on theory and empirical findings, we hypothesized that (1) FHR would be positively associated with Surgency and Negative Affectivity, (2) FHRV would be positively associated with Surgency, and Regulation/Orienting and inversely associated with Negative Affectivity, and (3) fetal coupling would be positively associated with Regulation/Orienting and Surgency and inversely associated with Negative Affectivity. We collected 20 min of fetal data (m gestational age = 34.42 weeks) and mothers completed the IBQ-R (n = 90 women; 60 % non-Caucasian race; 63 % Latina ethnicity). We found that FHR was positively associated with Negative Affectivity but not associated with Surgency (or Regulation/Orienting). FHRV was inversely associated with Surgency but not associated with Negative Affectivity or Regulation/Orienting. Coupling was positively associated with Regulation/Orienting and Surgency but not associated with Negative Affectivity. Our findings, from a more diverse sample and with established measures, provide further evidence that individual differences in reactivity and regulation can be identified in the in-utero period and show theory-based continuity to specific infant temperament constructs. 相似文献
127.
Matthew T. Brodhead William Timothy Courtney Jackie R. Thaxton 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2018,51(1):80-86
We evaluated the effects of an activity schedule embedded within an iPad on varied play across applications. After establishing a pattern of repetitive gameplay, we taught three children with autism to follow the activity schedule using physical guidance. All participants increased their varied play to four applications per session and demonstrated independent and accurate activity schedule usage. The activity schedule was removed, and responding decreased to baseline levels, demonstrating the activity schedule's control over varied responding. The activity schedule was reintroduced and participant responding maintained when engaging with novel applications. 相似文献
128.
Objectives: The present study examined relationships among gaze behaviour and cardiac vagal tone using a novel stress-inducing task.Methods: Participants’ (N?=?40) eye movements and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured during an unsolvable computer-based task randomly presenting feedback of “Right” and “Wrong” answers distinctly onscreen after each trial. Subgroups were created on the basis of more frequent eye movements to the right (“Correct”-Attenders; n?=?23) or wrong (“Incorrect”-Attenders; n?=?17) areas onscreen.Results: Correct-Attenders maintained HRV from baseline to the stress task. In contrast, Incorrect-Attenders spent significantly more time viewing “Wrong” feedback, exhibited a reduction in HRV during the stress condition (p?Conclusions: Results demonstrate that pervasive attention to negative feedback (“Wrong”) elicits perseverative stress and negative self-evaluations among university students. This study highlights the potential for studying attentional biases and emotional distress through combined measures of gaze behaviour and cardiac vagal tone. 相似文献
129.
Our goal is to provide empirical scientists with practical tools and advice with which to test hypotheses related to individual differences in intra-individual variability using the mixed-effects location-scale model. To that end, we evaluate Type I error rates and power to detect and predict individual differences in intra-individual variability using this model and provide empirically-based guidelines for building scale models that include random and/or systematically-varying fixed effects. We also provide two power simulation programs that allow researchers to conduct a priori empirical power analyses. Our results aligned with statistical power theory, in that, greater power was observed for designs with more individuals, more repeated occasions, greater proportions of variance available to be explained, and larger effect sizes. In addition, our results indicated that Type I error rates were acceptable in situations when individual differences in intra-individual variability were not initially detectable as well as when the scale-model individual-level predictor explained all initially detectable individual differences in intra-individual variability. We conclude our paper by providing study design and model building advice for those interested in using the mixed-effects location-scale model in practice. 相似文献
130.
Moisès Esteban‐Guitart Santi Perera Pilar Monreal‐Bosch José Bastiani 《International journal of psychology》2018,53(4):295-303
One of the most commonly used distinctions in cross‐cultural studies is the one between individualism and collectivism. One of the criticisms levelled at this distinction is that it fails to incorporate the differences that may exist when comparing people from a rural context with little formal education to people from the same group who live in an urban context where formal education is the norm. Bearing in mind these sociodemographic factors, we have compared the self‐concepts among 104 young indigenous people in Chiapas (Mexico), having divided them into three groups: “rural‐traditional,” “rural–urban” and “urban.” These people's self‐concepts were analysed using a task that contrasts personal self‐concept with social self‐concept and a technique in which participants draw themselves along with the things and people they consider most important to them. The results reveal significant differences between the three groups. The personal categories are given a higher value in the “urban” group while the social categories score higher in the “rural‐traditional” group. Regarding the results of the indigenous self‐portraits, from the content analysis of the drawings, 16 categories emerged. These findings are discussed in the light of Greenfield's theory of social change and human development. 相似文献