La « préparation magistrale » en droit français : un lot exclusif par patient ?

Outpatient pharmaceutical needs are not always met by industrial products and do not necessarily justify hospitals activation. Preparing in advance and storing a batch of compounded drugs for one or more patients with identical/recurrent needs – as part of compound outsourcing in ambulatory sector – raises issues. While the french law does not expressly provide (and according to prevailing interpretations excludes) this hypothesis, it seems to us to be possible – in contrast to the prominent french judicial and administrative courts, as well as to the European Court of justice. We here propose to reset the debate within both the existing laws and a systemic perspective, and call for a normative clarification.     

PIONEER IN BEHAVIORAL PHARMACOLOGY: A TRIBUTE TO JOSEPH V. BRADY

The contributions of Joseph V. Brady to behavioral pharmacology span more than 50 years and range from early studies using the Estes-Skinner (conditioned emotional response) procedure to examine drug effects and various physiological processes in experimental animals to the implementation of mobile methadone treatment services and to small group behavioral analyses in simulated space environments. This expansive range of activities is based on Brady's insight and innovative use of behavioral procedures, his spirited and unabashed enthusiasm for the discipline and its philosophical underpinnings, together with a collegiality and commitment to the experimental analysis of behavior that is both legendary and inspirational. These contributions are summarized and highlighted in this tribute that focuses primarily on Brady's contributions to behavioral pharmacology but which also acknowledges his conceptual and technical contributions spanning multiple disciplines.     

Crossed aphasia: analysis of four cases

Data from the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago was used to contrast a sample of 358 aphasics with data from a Boston aphasia and aging study (L. Obler, M. Albert, H. Goodglass, and F. Benson, Brain and Language, 6, 318–322, 1978). Unlike the females, Chicago males showed remarkable similarity to the Boston male sample for the Broca, Wernicke, and Global groups with ratios of approximately four Broca's to every two Wernicke's and Global aphasics. Similar to the Boston Sample, Wernicke's aphasics were 11.6 years older (p < .001) than Broca's aphasics.