An analysis of neurological soft signs in children with learning problems

Eighty children with learning problems were systematically evaluated for neurological soft signs, general intelligence, scholastic achievement, hyperactivity, and neurocognitive dysfunction. A factor analysis yielded six factors, and a higher order, general ability factor was derived from an orthogonal rotation. Neurocognitive functions appeared in three factors suggesting “types” of dysfunctions. The higher order general ability factor represents a broad range of skills. The two other factors with neurocognitive loads suggest a distinction between verbal-motor integration and visual-motor integration. Age, sex, and hyperactivity formed the remaining clusters.     

Training interpersonal skills among mentally retarded and socially dysfunctional children

Two moderately retarded boys, ages 11 and 12 yr, who resided in an inpatient unit for emotionally disturbed children, were treated for deficits in social skills. The deficits included physical gestures, facial mannerisms, eye contact, words spoken, and intonation and content of speech. The treatment package consisted of instructions, performance feedback, social reinforcement, modeling, and role-playing. The effects of the treatment in developing appropriate social performance were evaluated in separate multiple-baseline designs across behaviors for each child. The training improved social skills and brought children up to or beyond the level of normal control subjects who were the same age and gender.     

Phonological processing in Broca's aphasics

Phonological processing was investigated in nine Broca's aphasics. A receptive phonological task examined knowledge of phonotactic rules. Three lists of “word” pairs, phoneme sequences, were constructed such that one member was possible in English and the other was not. The lists varied in distance from English or phonemic structure (CCVC vs. CCVCC). Following auditory presentation, the aphasic was required to indicate which of the two “words” was possible in English. The productive task was an articulation test for monosyllabic and polysyllabic words. The high positive correlation between receptive and productive scores suggested that, rather than motor speech sequencing problems being exclusively involved, more general phonological-articulatory processes were disrupted. Several hypotheses were advanced to describe the nature of this disruption.     

On critical African philosophy: Mapping the boundaries of a good philosophical tradition

This essay deploys the existence of epistemic vices in the trajectory of Western philosophy to map the erasures and complicities that accompanied the emergence of contemporary African philosophy (CAP₁). It argues that the complicity of CAP₁ in the hyperspecialization and academic self-absorption that marked the professionalization of Western philosophy, makes it difficult to attend to the conditions for its own possibility. CAP₁ arguably needs to make a critical turn into critical African philosophy (CAP₂), understood as a metatheoretical and metaphilosophical framework for an internal transformation that is emancipatory. CAP₂ is envisioned, first, as a critique of postcoloniality that rehumanizes the autonomous African subject; and, second, as an ethicopolitical project that explores the cracks between philosophy as theoretical practice and philosophy as praxis in opening up the spaces for postcolonial emancipation. The essay identifies three conditions that instigate the emancipatory possibility of philosophizing on the continent: the spatial/platial, demosophic, and political.     

新发现西周筮数的研究

长安西仁村西周时期陶拍上的数字卦是西周存在《周易》经文的证明。西仁村采集:2上的数字卦由纵线顺箭头方向环读,共有四组筮数,转化为《周易》卦爻,依次为师、比、小畜、履四卦。而采集:1上亦纵刻筮数两行,转化为《周易》卦爻,自右迄左依次为既济、未济二卦。由师至履、既济至未济两处局部卦序,不难推想当时所用《周易》的卦序大同于今传本卦序,而且可以看出当时已存在六十四卦“非覆即变”错综关系的概念。文章还分别对陕西扶风齐家村出土的一片有字卜骨上的文字与筮数、对北京房山镇江营出土的一片卜骨上的筮数进行了识读,并对它们所采用的揲蓍法进行了推测。在对房山镇江营卜骨进行识读后,还通过对镇江营和周原西周甲骨文字刻写特点的比较,否定了字迹刻写微小者出现早、疏大者出现晚的说法,同时又指出,镇江营与周原西周甲骨文字刻写特点的相似是西周与诸侯国燕在文化上密切相关的明显证据。     

中西医结合治疗骨折的临床思维方法

骨科医生在骨折治疗中需要科学的方法论指导。系统论的思想应用于中西医结合治疗骨折,它能从人体的总体出发,在“动与静”、“筋与骨”、“内与外”、“人与物”四对矛盾的相互作用中,揭示损伤的性质和骨折愈合的规律,有助于获得骨折的最佳治疗原则,有助于提高认识水平和实践能力。     

Cultural Values and Happiness: An East-West Dialogue

Abstract

Happiness as a state of mind may be universal, but its meaning is complex and ambiguous. The authors directly examined the relationships between cultural values and experiences of happiness in 2 samples, by using a measurement of values derived from Chinese culture and a measurement of subjective well-being balanced for sources of happiness salient in both the East and the West. The participants were university students–439 from an Eastern culture (Taiwan) and 344 from a Western culture (the United Kingdom). Although general patterns were similar in the 2 samples, the relationships between values and happiness were stronger in the Taiwanese sample than in the British sample. The values social integration and human-heartedness had culture-dependent effects on happiness, whereas the value Confucian work dynamism had a culture-general effect on happiness.     

The Significance and Research Methods of Enhancing Studies on William James’s Philosophy

William James is one of the first philosophers with significant international influence in the history of American philosophy. James played an extremely important role in the emergence and development of American pragmatism, striving to show cultural self-confidence and pursuing the localization as well as independence of philosophy in the development of America. It is of great importance to further study James’s philosophy in the context of contemporary academics. Academia should value the collection, editing, translation and research of the philosophical classics of James and important literatures, pay attention to the clues of development and academic trends of the important concepts and ideas of James’s pragmatism philosophy, and rethink the status and influence of James’s philosophy in modern Western philosophy, trying to carry out comparative studies between James’s philosophy and traditional Chinese philosophy.     

也谈慢性心衰中西医结合治疗的临床策略

着眼于目前中西医结合治疗慢性心力衰竭（CHF）的困惑所在,提出了几点临床策略：（1）抓预防,做好慢性心衰一级预防;（2）开展大规模流调,规范证候辨识标准;（3）挖掘和整理地区验方;（4）发挥行业协会作用,探索多方力量参与验方筛选与评价;并提出充分发挥中西医结合的诊疗特色,重点优化CHF的中西医结合诊疗方案和评价方法符合我国基本国情.