班级心理辅导对学生震后心理复原的作用

通过班级心理辅导的方式对学生进行为期三周的震后心理干预,对象为都江堰大乐学校学生217人,课程主题包括震后情绪调适和生命教育。结果表明：（1）震后42天至58天,学生的PTSR、心理症状整体上出现缓解的趋势,正向情绪表现出下降的趋势;（2）学生反馈辅导后的收获很多,减少了恐惧、学会了感恩、了解了生命的意义、感觉快乐放松。（3）班级心理干预显著促进了心理症状的缓解,延缓了正向情绪的下降,但对PTSR的缓解没有显著效果     

灾难后谣言传播心理的定性分析——以“5·12汶川地震”谣言为例

本研究对5·12汶川地震发生后两个月内出现的网络谣言,使用内容分析和扎根理论的方法进行了定性研究。结果发现此类谣言除包含地震相关内容外,还出现了捐款谣言等与地震间接相关的内容。谣言中多数暗含对社会优势群体的谴责,通过表达震惊和愤怒情绪,使传播者获得控制感,并获得自我定位的相对安全感。谣言通过模糊发言人角色,提高文本本身的详尽性和科学性,利用情绪、道德批判等社会心理因素使其更容易被受众接受     

创伤暴露程度对中学生创伤后成长的影响——复原力的调节作用

采用修订后的创伤后成长问卷（PTGI）、复原力量表（CD-RISC）以及自编的震后创伤暴露程度调查表对汶川地震后异地复学的166名中学生进行问卷调查,探讨复原力在创伤暴露程度和创伤后成长关系中的调节作用。结果表明：主观害怕程度对创伤后成长有正向预测作用,主观害怕程度越高,创伤后成长的水平越高;复原力对主观害怕程度和创伤后成长之间的关系起增强作用;复原力对房屋损毁和创伤后成长之间的关系有一定的增强作用。     

Persistence of Traumatic Symptoms After Seven Years: Evidence from Young Individuals Exposed to the L’Aquila Earthquake

In this article, we investigated the presence of trauma-induced sequelae in a sample of 41 young individuals exposed to the L’Aquila earthquake who did not seek mental help in the aftermath of the disaster or in the ensuing months. We compared this group with 43 individuals, matched for age and education, who had not experienced an earthquake but had moved to and lived in L’Aquila after the earthquake and thus experienced the challenges of living in an earthquake-struck city. This study aimed to show that earthquake-exposed individuals scored significantly higher than nonexposed persons on certain scales of the Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI) seven years after the event. Our results indicated that exposed individuals exhibited higher scores on the dissociation, intrusive experience, and defensive avoidance scales. Furthermore, a correlational analysis between specific conditions detected by the Earthquake Checklist L’Aquila (ECLA) and the TSI identified the influences of specific conditions, such as being trapped or injured under rubble during the earthquake, experiencing a persistent fear of aftershocks or a life-threatening feeling, and witnessing the death of a loved one. All of these experiences resulted in the persistence of trauma-related symptoms. Dissociative experiences during the trauma, cognitive and behavioral avoidance and reexperiencing were associated with negative effects and may hinder the natural process of recovery in trauma-exposed individuals. Knowledge of mid- and long-term psychological difficulties following a traumatic event may be useful for promoting interventions in mental health across exposed populations.     

Symptoms of PTSD Among Adolescents and Young Adult Survivors Six Years after the 2010 Haiti Earthquake

This study investigates the long-term consequences for adolescents and young adults who experienced the January 12, 2010, earthquake that struck Haiti. It aims to evaluate the consequences of the earthquake in adolescents and young adults six years after the disaster. During May and June 2016, in Port-au-Prince, 723 adolescents and young adults (364 girls and young women) aged 14 to 24 were assessed by means the Impact of Event Scale–Revised (IES-R) in addition to social demographic characteristics. In our sample, 35.82% reported clinically significant symptoms of PTSD, with a higher prevalence for girls and young women. They also had consistently higher scores than boys and young men on every subscale. Participants with working parents had consistently higher scores across all the subscales than participants whose parents did not work. This study showed that, more than six years after the earthquake, more than one third of the participants assessed had severe PTSD symptoms. Our results may prove useful for setting up mental health programs and devising tools appropriate for the youth population in Haiti.     

Evaluating the Persian Translation of the National Stressful Events Survey PTSD Short Scale in a Sample of Iranian Earthquake Survivors

In DSM-5, the APA recommended the use of the National Stressful Events Survey PTSD Short Scale, a new self-report scale for PTSD that is brief, consistent with the revised DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, and free of copyright restrictions. The present study examines the psychometric properties of the Persian translation of the scale in a sample of Iranian adults who survived an earthquake. A sample of 600 people was selected through multistage sampling and subsequently completed the scale. Results indicated that the good reliability, one-factor structure, and convergent validity of the scale observed for the original English language scale were replicated. The Persian version of the NSESSS appears to be a valid and reliable measure to assess the symptoms of DSM-5 PTSD and may contribute to increasing efforts to identify and treat PTSD in Iran.     

地震伤截肢纪实与感悟

笔者亲身经历了“5·12”四川汶川8．0级特大地震中救治地震伤员的医疗工作,结合相关的创伤性截肢的一些经验和一些感悟,初步分析了地震伤员的创伤性截肢的特点、原因以及创面处理的一些措施和原则,以期与同道共同探讨类似突发性、群发性伤害事件中更加有效的救治措施。     

5·12地震前后灾区大学生生命价值观比较

采用自编大学生生命价值观问卷（LVS）分别三次对灾区大学生进行测试：5·12地震前1年、震后2周、震后5个月。结果表明:（1）自编的大学生生命价值观问卷（LVS）包括存在价值、目标价值、规则价值三个维度,探索性与验证性因素分析证明问卷具有良好的信效度。（2）在LVS总分和其存在价值维度上,震后2周得分均高于震前1年和震后5个月。（3）在存在价值取向维度上,女生震后2周和震后5个月得分显著高于男生;理科生震后2周得分高于震后5个月和震前1年,理科生震后2周得分显著高于文科生。（4）在规则价值取向维度上,文科生震后2周得分显著低于震后5个月,文科生震后2周得分显著低于理科生     

儿童心理危机的干预策略

地震突发性强,危害严重,往往使儿童产生思维不清、意志失控、情感紊乱等心理危机,如果不及时进行心理疏导,儿童可能长期沉浸在痛苦中难以自拔,身心健康受到影响,最终酿成精神疾病,影响其一生。通过概括疏理7种常用儿童心理危机干预策略,以期为灾后儿童心理危机提供参考     

5·12汶川地震灾区居民的心理和谐状况及与政府满意度的关系

本研究采用心理和谐的框架,分析5·12汶川地震受灾地区居民的社会心理状况与居民对中央及地方两级政府救灾措施的满意度之间关系。一般受灾地区、重灾区和极重灾区的9个县市1385名居民参加问卷调查。层次回归分析的结果发表明,地震灾区居民对地方政府的满意程度对其心理和谐的影响力更大;地方政府满意度在中央政府满意度和心理和谐之间起部分中介作用。最后指出该研究对各级政府开展抗震救灾和灾后重建工作的启示意义