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Jessica Van Denend 《Journal of religion and health》2007,46(1):63-74
The occurrence of a tragic and unnecessary act of evil (crime) induces in us a need to search for blame, to find who or what
is responsible. Often this search amounts in a Kleinian splitting between personal and social responsibility – we either blame
the person or blame the society, or oscillate between the two. In fact, even movement into a more integrated, depressive position
does not solve the problem—the evil of the event is too hot to be contained anywhere. True healing from crime will not result
by perfecting the “assigning blame” mechanism in ourselves or our criminal justice system, but rather when we recognize the
futility of that search. To use Lowe’s concept of creative limits, only by recognizing our own limitedness will creative and
healing spaces that allow the return to innocence occur.
Jessica Van Denend serving as an intern chaplain at Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for the past 2 years, became increasingly
interested in the complexity of societal and personal complexes wrapped up in the criminal justice processes, and their manifestation
in the prison system. While studying under Prof. Ann Ulanov (in the Psychiatry and Religion program at Union Theological Seminary),
the author had time to examine what some psychoanalytical tools might have to say about crime and its repercussions. 相似文献
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Adults design utterances to match listeners' informational needs by making both “generic” adjustments (e.g., mentioning atypical more often than typical information) and “particular” adjustments tailored to their specific interlocutor (e.g., including things that their addressee cannot see). For children, however, relevant evidence is mixed. Three experiments investigated how generic and particular factors affect children's production. In Experiment 1, 4‐ to 5‐year‐old children and adults described typical and atypical instrument events to a silent listener who could either see or not see the events. In later extensions, participants described the same events to either a silent (Experiment 2) or an interactive (Experiment 3) addressee with a specific goal. Both adults and 4‐ to 5‐year‐olds performed generic adjustments but, unlike adults, children made listener‐particular adjustments inconsistently. These and prior findings can be explained by assuming that particular adjustments can be costlier for children to implement compared to generic adjustments. 相似文献
54.
Walking in an environment of moving ground texture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bernard Baumberger Michelangelo Flückiger & Martin Roland 《The Japanese psychological research》2000,42(4):238-250
The visual control of global body movements has mainly been studied in terms of the maintenance of balance. The present experiment examined the effect of moving visual surroundings on the speed of locomotion. A virtually boundless optical environment was generated by the projection of a dotted texture on the ground that was reflected on large vertical mirrors fixed along the walls of the room. Subjects' head velocity was recorded over a walking path of about 10 m along the projection surface. In the experimental sessions, the texture was animated and moved at different speeds in the same direction as the subject or in the opposite direction. In the control condition, the projected texture remained motionless and therefore appeared to pass by at the subjects' walking speed. The subjects' task was to maintain a constant walking speed as far as possible over the different conditions. Changes in walking speed give indications of how the processing of optical flow modulates locomotor activity. 相似文献
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This study focuses on the hopelessness theory to explain depressive symptoms in adolescents. The aim is to assess which dimensions of the attributional style (causal attribution, attribution of consequences, implications for the self, total score, and weakest link score) better moderate the impact of negative events on the increase of depressive symptoms. For this purpose, 856 Spanish adolescents (449 girls and 407 boys, ages between 14 and 17 years) were assessed at the beginning of the school year and at follow-up 6 months later. They completed measures of depressogenic cognitive style [Hankin, B. L., & Abramson, L. Y. (2002). Measuring cognitive vulnerability to depression in adolescents: Reliability, validity, and gender differences. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31, 491-504], negative life events, and depressive symptoms. The results show that only the dimension of attribution of stable and global causes moderated the impact of the negative events on the increase of depression at follow-up. The results are discussed in terms of the meaning of the weakest link score and the construct of attributional style from a developmental perspective. 相似文献
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Barr DJ 《Cognition》2008,109(1):18-40
When listeners search for the referent of a speaker’s expression, they experience interference from privileged knowledge, knowledge outside of their ‘common ground’ with the speaker. Evidence is presented that this interference reflects limitations in lexical processing. In three experiments, listeners’ eye movements were monitored as they searched for the target of a speaker’s referring expression in a display that also contained a phonological competitor (e.g., bucket/buckle). Listeners anticipated that the speaker would refer to something in common ground, but they did not experience less interference from a competitor in privileged ground than from a matched competitor in common ground. In contrast, interference from the competitor was eliminated when it was ruled out by a semantic constraint. These findings support a view of comprehension as relying on multiple systems with distinct access to information and present a challenge for constraint-based views of common ground. 相似文献
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The current study tested of the diathesis-stress component of the hopelessness theory (HT) using (1) a "weakest link" approach towards operationalizing vulnerability (e.g., an individual is as vulnerable to depression as his/her most depressogenic inferential style-DIS) and (2) an idiographic approach towards operationalizing high levels of stress. The procedure involved an initial assessment during which participants completed measures assessing DISs and depressive symptoms. The procedure also involved a series of eight follow-up assessments, occurring every 6 weeks, during which depressive symptoms and hassles were assessed. Hypotheses were tested in two samples of adults (i.e., adults diagnosed with a current MDE and adults diagnosed with a past MDE at Time 1). In line with hypotheses, in both samples, depressogenic weakest links were associated with greater elevations in depressive symptoms following elevations in hassles. At the same time, equally strong support was obtained for the HT when stress was operationalized from a nomothetic perspective and when vulnerability was operationalized as a DIS about causes (but not consequences or self). 相似文献
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《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2013,66(3):608-624
Though figure–ground assignment has been shown to be probably affected by recognizability, it appears sensible that object recognition must follow at least the earlier process of figure–ground segregation. To examine whether or not rudimentary object recognition could, counterintuitively, start even before the completion of the stage of parsing in which figure–ground segregation is done, participants were asked to respond, in a go/no-go fashion, whenever any out of 16 alternative connected patterns (that constituted familiar stimuli in the upright orientation) appeared. The white figure of the to-be-attended stimulus—target or foil—could be segregated from the white ambient ground only by means of a frame surrounding it. Such a frame was absent until the onset of target display. Then, to manipulate organizational quality, the greyness of the frame was either gradually increased from zero (in Experiment 1) or changed abruptly to a stationary level whose greyness was varied between trials (in Experiments 2 and 3). Stimulus recognizability was manipulated by orientation angle. In all three experiments the effect of recognizability was found to be considerably larger when organizational quality was minimal due to an extremely faint frame. This result is argued to be incompatible with any version of a serial thesis suggesting that processing aimed at object recognition starts only with a good enough level of organizational quality. The experiments rather provide some support to the claim, termed here “early interaction hypothesis”, positing interaction between early recognition processing and preassignment parsing processes. 相似文献
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