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301.
Emma Delhaye Christine Bastin Christopher J.A. Moulin Gabriel Besson Emmanuel J. Barbeau 《Visual cognition》2017,25(9-10):949-955
Novelty detection is essential to adapt to changes. However, the relationship between novelty detection and visual recognition memory remains unclear. To characterize the temporal dynamics of novelty and its connection to familiarity, we probed early behavioural performance of novelty and familiarity in 31 participants using a speeded go/no-go recognition task with a 600-ms response deadline. Responses to familiarity and novelty produced symmetrical biases and correlated accuracies and biases, but novelty decisions were less accurate and had slower minimal reaction times (410?ms). These processes thus appear to be independent, as suggested by a more efficient system in the case of familiarity, but with common factors bringing overlapping contributions to both processes. This may possibly be explained by the more fluent processing of repeated stimuli, but with familiarity and novelty potentially relying on one decision criterion, as suggested by the correlated and remarkably symmetrical biases. This study supports models that conceptualize novelty and familiarity decisions as two partly overlapping processes. 相似文献
302.
Jing Lu;Chun Wang;Jiwei Zhang;Xue Wang; 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2024,77(1):31-54
Changepoints are abrupt variations in a sequence of data in statistical inference. In educational and psychological assessments, it is essential to properly differentiate examinees' aberrant behaviours from solution behaviour to ensure test reliability and validity. In this paper, we propose a sequential Bayesian changepoint detection algorithm to monitor the locations of changepoints for response times in real time and, subsequently, further identify types of aberrant behaviours in conjunction with response patterns. Two simulation studies were conducted to investigate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed detection procedure in terms of identifying one or multiple changepoints at different locations. In addition to manipulating the number and locations of changepoints, two types of aberrant behaviours were also considered: rapid guessing behaviour and cheating behaviour. Simulation results indicate that ability estimates could be improved after removing responses from aberrant behaviours identified by our approach. Two empirical examples were analysed to illustrate the application of the proposed sequential Bayesian changepoint detection procedure. 相似文献
303.
Kylie Gorney;Sandip Sinharay;Xiang Liu; 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2024,77(1):151-168
The use of joint models for item scores and response times is becoming increasingly popular in educational and psychological testing. In this paper, we propose two new person-fit statistics for such models in order to detect aberrant behaviour. The first statistic is computed by combining two existing person-fit statistics: one for the item scores, and one for the item response times. The second statistic is computed directly using the likelihood function of the joint model. Using detailed simulations, we show that the empirical null distributions of the new statistics are very close to the theoretical null distributions, and that the new statistics tend to be more powerful than several existing statistics for item scores and/or response times. A real data example is also provided using data from a licensure examination. 相似文献
304.
Yuewen Zhang;Zhenhong Wang; 《Developmental science》2024,27(6):e13561
Intra-individual response time variability (IIRTV) during cognitive performance is increasingly recognized as an important indicator of attentional control (AC) and related brain region function. However, what determinants contribute to preschoolers’ IIRTV received little attention. The present study explored the interaction of dopaminergic polygenic composite score (DPCS) and the parent–child relationship in relation to preschoolers’ IIRTV. In the initial sample, 452 preschoolers (M age = 5.17, SD = 0.92) participated in the study. The modified Flanker task was used to evaluate children's IIRTV and their parents were requested to complete the Parent–Child Relationship Scale to assess the parent–child relationship (closeness/conflict). DNA data were extracted from children's saliva samples, and a DPCS was created by the number of COMT, DAT1, and DRD2 alleles associated with lower dopamine levels. Results showed that DPCS significantly interacted with the parent–child closeness to impact preschoolers’ IIRTV. Specifically, preschoolers with higher DPCS exhibited lower IIRTV under higher levels of the parent–child closeness, and greater IIRTV under lower levels of the parent–child closeness compared to those with lower DPCS, which supported the differential susceptibility theory (DST). A direct replication attempt with 280 preschoolers (M age = 4.80, SD = 0.86) was conducted to investigate whether the results were in accordance with our exploratory outcomes. The interactive effect of DPCS and the parent–child closeness on IIRTV was confirmed. Additionally, the significant interactive effect of DPCS and the parent–child conflict on IIRTV was found in the replication study. The findings indicate that preschoolers’ IIRTV, as an indicator of AC and related brain region function, is influenced by the interactions of dopaminergic genotypes and the parent–child relationship. 相似文献
305.
Maria Bolsinova Jesper Tijmstra 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2018,71(1):13-38
By considering information about response time (RT) in addition to response accuracy (RA), joint models for RA and RT such as the hierarchical model (van der Linden, 2007) can improve the precision with which ability is estimated over models that only consider RA. The hierarchical model, however, assumes that only the person's speed is informative of ability. This assumption of conditional independence between RT and ability given speed may be violated in practice, and ignores collateral information about ability that may be present in the residual RTs. We propose a posterior predictive check for evaluating the assumption of conditional independence between RT and ability given speed. Furthermore, we propose an extension of the hierarchical model that contains cross-loadings between ability and RT, which enables one to take additional collateral information about ability into account beyond what is possible in the standard hierarchical model. A Bayesian estimation procedure is proposed for the model. Using simulation studies, the performance of the model is evaluated in terms of parameter recovery, and the possible gain in precision over the standard hierarchical model and an RA-only model is considered. The model is applied to data from a high-stakes educational test. 相似文献
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307.
基于负面身体自我图式理论,采用词汇判断任务的实验范式,探讨负面身体自我者的认知加工偏好。研究1考察胖负面身体自我大学生对胖相关的身体信息词加工偏好,结果表明,加工胖身体相关词的编码速度比对照组显著更快,对胖消极和隐喻词偏好量大于积极词。研究2考察瘦负面身体自我大学生对瘦相关的身体信息词的加工偏好,发现对瘦相关词的编码速度显著比对照组更快,但对瘦积极词、消极词、隐喻词、形似词编码的偏好量不存在差异。结果支持负面身体自我图式指导认知加工 相似文献
308.
309.
310.
以归因理论为依据,选取普通学校小三、初二、高二各两个平行班的学生,采用等组对照设计,一为实验班,一为控制班。实验分前测验、教育干预、后测验三个阶段。各班均参加前测验、后测验,教育干预阶段实验班接受归因训练,控制班不接受任何训练。结果发现：（１）归因训练可使学生的成败归因、期望变化和情感反应积极方面转化。（２）归因训练可提高学生的成就动机。（３）归因训练可提高学生的坚持性水平。（４）短时间的训练对高 相似文献