全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1044篇 |
免费 | 31篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
1078篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 33篇 |
2020年 | 39篇 |
2019年 | 33篇 |
2018年 | 23篇 |
2017年 | 52篇 |
2016年 | 51篇 |
2015年 | 42篇 |
2014年 | 61篇 |
2013年 | 323篇 |
2012年 | 19篇 |
2011年 | 81篇 |
2010年 | 38篇 |
2009年 | 60篇 |
2008年 | 53篇 |
2007年 | 35篇 |
2006年 | 26篇 |
2005年 | 18篇 |
2004年 | 27篇 |
2003年 | 18篇 |
2002年 | 12篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1078条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
981.
Top-down predictions in the cognitive brain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The human brain is not a passive organ simply waiting to be activated by external stimuli. Instead, we propose that the brain continuously employs memory of past experiences to interpret sensory information and predict the immediately relevant future. The basic elements of this proposal include analogical mapping, associative representations and the generation of predictions. This review concentrates on visual recognition as the model system for developing and testing ideas about the role and mechanisms of top-down predictions in the brain. We cover relevant behavioral, computational and neural aspects, explore links to emotion and action preparation, and consider clinical implications for schizophrenia and dyslexia. We then discuss the extension of the general principles of this proposal to other cognitive domains. 相似文献
982.
We investigated the role of visual experience on the spatial representation and updating of haptic scenes by comparing recognition performance across sighted, congenitally and late blind participants. We first established that spatial updating occurs in sighted individuals to haptic scenes of novel objects. All participants were required to recognise a previously learned haptic scene of novel objects presented across the same or different orientation as learning whilst they either remained in the same position to moved to a new position relative to the scene. Scene rotation incurred a cost in recognition performance in all groups. However, overall haptic scene recognition performance was worse in the congenitally blind group. Moreover, unlike the late blind or sighted groups, the congenitally blind group were unable to compensate for the cost in scene rotation with observer motion. Our results suggest that vision plays an important role in representing and updating spatial information encoded through touch and have important implications for the role of vision in the development of neuronal areas involved in spatial cognition. 相似文献
983.
The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of the visual perception and graphic production systems [Van Sommers, P. (1989). A system for drawing and drawing-related neuropsychology. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 6, 117–164] to the manifestation of the “Centripetal Execution Principle” (CEP), a graphic rule for the copying of drawings consisting of embedded simple geometric shapes from the outside shape to the inside shape. Children aged 4–8 years copied two types of model that differed in the visual salience of one of the simple geometric shapes (drawn in bold or normal weight lines), producing the drawings either by graphic execution (freehand) or by superimposing the simple geometric shapes. The results indicated that the frequency of CEP depended both on the type of model and on the drawing context in the youngest children. They suggest that the CEP is determined by the structure of the representation of the models and the planning of the execution of the drawings. The developmental differences in the effects of visual salience and execution context are discussed in the light of the development of representational flexibility and planning abilities. These data are consistent with a dissociation between the visual perception and graphic production systems and account for their interaction. 相似文献
984.
We combine the Dimension-Action (DA) model with translational models to account for both the Stroop and the flanker effects. The basic assumption of the model is that there are distinct visual modules, each of which is endowed with both perception and response selection processes. We contrast this model with an alternative widespread view, the standard view, according to which the same response selection processes are shared by all tasks. The two views have different predictions concerning the flanker and Stroop tasks. Seven experiments test these predictions. The first five experiments show that there is a fundamental difference between the typical Stroop and flanker effects. Moreover, these experiments show that words denoting colors can affect print colors only when they are required for naming or when participants verbally mediate the print color task. Experiments 6 and 7 show that an analogous interaction between color and shape exists in the flanker task. These experiments as well as previous studies are consistent with the DA model and the modular view and pose serious difficulties for the standard view. Wider implications of a visual modular architecture are discussed as well. 相似文献
985.
Orthographic learning via self-teaching in children learning to read English: effects of exposure, durability, and context 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This experiment investigated orthographic learning via self-teaching in 8- and 9-year-olds learning to read English. Children were exposed to novel words, and following a 1- or 7-day delay interval, orthographic learning was assessed by asking children to select previously seen novel words from an array of visually and phonologically similar foils. Novel words were exposed either in meaningful text or in isolation, and number of exposures was manipulated with each novel word appearing once, twice, or four times. Learning increased as a function of number of exposures, although some evidence of durable one-trial learning was observed. Context played no role, suggesting that orthographic learning is not dependent on meaning-based information. In general, these findings offer support for the central aspects of Share's self-teaching hypothesis. However, although we observed a general relation between phonological decoding and orthographic learning, the relation did not hold at an item-by-item level of analysis, suggesting that a strong version of Share's item-based account is not correct. 相似文献
986.
Memory for feature binding comprises a key ingredient in coherent object representations. Previous studies have been equivocal about human capacity for objects in the visual working memory. To evaluate memory for feature binding, a type identification paradigm was devised and used with a multiple-object permanence tracking task. Using objects defined by shape and color, observers identified types of changes in feature combinations across an occlusion event, and the effects of object motion and number of switches were investigated. With only one switch, task performance was impaired even under stationary conditions, suggesting highly limited capacity of binding memory. Second switch improved performance only in the stationary condition, suggesting that object motion strongly disrupts feature binding. Further analyses and experiments suggest that improvement by the second switch reflects transition of binding memory by selective attention. 相似文献
987.
The visual attention (VA) span is defined as the amount of distinct visual elements which can be processed in parallel in a multi-element array. Both recent empirical data and theoretical accounts suggest that a VA span deficit might contribute to developmental dyslexia, independently of a phonological disorder. In this study, this hypothesis was assessed in two large samples of French and British dyslexic children whose performance was compared to that of chronological-age matched control children. Results of the French study show that the VA span capacities account for a substantial amount of unique variance in reading, as do phonological skills. The British study replicates this finding and further reveals that the contribution of the VA span to reading performance remains even after controlling IQ, verbal fluency, vocabulary and single letter identification skills, in addition to phoneme awareness. In both studies, most dyslexic children exhibit a selective phonological or VA span disorder. Overall, these findings support a multi-factorial view of developmental dyslexia. In many cases, developmental reading disorders do not seem to be due to phonological disorders. We propose that a VA span deficit is a likely alternative underlying cognitive deficit in dyslexia. 相似文献
988.
Chimpanzee’s perspective-taking abilities are currently disputed. Here we show that in some food competition contexts, subordinate
chimpanzees do take the visual perspective of dominant individuals, preferentially targeting a hidden piece of the food that
the dominant cannot see over a piece that is visible to both individuals. However, the space where the animals compete is
critical in determining whether subjects demonstrate this skill. We suggest that competition intensity, as mediated by these
spatial factors, may play an important role in determining the strategy chimpanzees utilize in competitive contexts. Since
some strategies may not require visual perspective taking in order to be successful, chimpanzees may not always demonstrate
this skill. Differences in spatial arrangement may therefore account for the conflicting results of past studies. 相似文献
989.
It has been demonstrated that the human visual field shows some functional inhomogeneities, in particular when the central
and perifoveal regions are compared to the more peripheral regions. The present study examined this inhomogeneity by examining
the effect of stimulus eccentricity on inhibition of return (IOR), a phenomenon that biases our attention towards novel locations
against returning it back to previously attended locations. Eighteen subjects were examined in a visual detection task, in
which a target appeared randomly following a nonpredictive spatial cue in the visual field. The eccentricities of the cues
and targets were systematically manipulated from 5° to 30° with 5° increments. Results showed that response times to targets
that appeared at cued locations were significantly slower than those at uncued locations for all stimulus eccentricities,
demonstrating the IOR effects. However, response times at cued locations increased significantly when stimulus eccentricity
shifted from 15° to 20°, leading to a much stronger IOR effect at more peripheral regions compared to central and perifoveal
regions, indicating a functional dissociation between these two regions of the visual field. Possible neural mechanisms underlying
this dissociation are discussed, and two attention systems modulating the two functional regions of the visual field are put
forward to best account the present finding implicating in particular midbrain mechanism. 相似文献
990.
The preview benefit from prior exposure of response-irrelevant (distracter) objects in visual search has been accounted for
in terms of top-down inhibition (i.e. visual marking), bottom-up abrupt onset capture, or asynchrony-dependent perceptual
segregation. We assess the relative contribution of abrupt onset and visual marking in a paradigm combining visual search
with a visual working memory task. We investigated time-based selection of multiple objects for storage in visual working
memory, using a change detection paradigm (Luck and Vogel in Nature 390:279–281, 1997) with distracter preview. We varied preview exposure (short vs. long), in a series of three experiments. The contribution
of asynchrony-related perceptual segregation was assessed across experiments by varying the complexity of the stimuli (colored
squares, oriented bars and oriented T-shapes) and the type of change detection (color or orientation), resulting in different
levels of perceptual segregation between visual elements. The results suggest that bottom-up abrupt onset, visual marking
and perceptual segregation factors co-operate in time-based selection for storage in visual working memory. 相似文献