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381.
Effects of diazepam on schedule-controlled and schedule-induced behavior under signaled and unsignaled shock.
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N Hymowitz 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1981,36(1):119-132
Schedule-controlled lever pressing and schedule-induced licking were studied in rats under a multiple fixed-interval fixed-interval schedule of food reinforcement upon which was superimposed a multiple variable-time variable-time schedule of electric-shock delivery. Shocks were signaled in one component of the multiple schedule and unsignaled in the other. The effects of diazepam upon the suppression of behavior during the signal (conditioned suppression) and during signaled and unsignaled shock (differential suppression) were studied under several shock intensities (Experiment 1) and at increased body weight (Experiment 2). In each study, diazepam led to dose-dependent increases in the rate of pressing and licking during signaled and unsignaled shock, but had little effect on conditioned suppression. the rate-enhancing effects of diazepam depended upon the intensity of shock, nature of the response, and whether or not shocks were signaled. The data was discussed in terms of (1) implications for understanding the effects of signaled and unsignaled shock on behavior, (2) the effects of diazepam on behavior suppressed by response-independent shock, and (3) comparison between operant and schedule-induced behavior. 相似文献
382.
Pamela J. Mendonca Karl Altman 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1982,4(3):187-203
Behavioral treatments for overweight children have not fared well in achieving or maintaining clinically significant weight losses. The use of more appropriate dependent measures which also take height, sex, and age into consideration is suggested. A multiple-baseline analysis of the behavioral treatment of seven overweight children was conducted. Results support the contention that a more clinically significant outcome emerges when appropriate measures are used. 相似文献
383.
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the sensitivity analysis of structural equation model when minor perturbation
is introduced. Some influence measure that based on the general case weight perturbation is derived for the generalized least
squares estimation. An influence measure that related to the Cook's distance is also developed for the special case deletion
perturbation scheme. Using the proposed methodology, the influential observation in a data set can be detected. Moreover,
the general theory can be applied to detect the influential parameters in a model. Finally, some illustrative artificial and
real examples are presented.
The research of the first author was supported by a Hong Kong UPGC grant. The authors are greatly indebted to two reviewers
for some very valuable comments for improvement of the paper. 相似文献
384.
385.
Dianne Lee-Riordan Jerry J. Sweet 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》1994,1(4):387-398
The Millon Behavioral Health Inventory (MBHI) is being used with increasing frequency for the assessment of chronic pain, although there is a relative lack of evidence as to its utility, and prior studies have not examined low back pain. This investigation compared the MBHI to the MMPI in a sample of low-back pain patients and analyzed subgroups of pain patients based upon their MBHI responses. Subjects were 60 patients who had been admitted to outpatient multidisciplinary pain clinics of two Chicago-area hospitals. Patients completed both the MMPI and the MBHI and provided demographic information. Results of correlational analyses indicated strong relationships between the MBHI psychogenic attitude, psychosomatic correlate, and prognostic index scales and the validity scales of the MMPI. The MBHI Pain Treatment Responsivity scale (PP) correlated with 16 of the other 19 MBHI scales. PP did not demonstrate specificity with low back pain patients. The results of both the scale comparisons and the exploratory two-group cluster subgroup analysis support the notion that responses to the MBHI are largely affected by the respondent's tendency to deny psychopathology or to admit emotional distress. 相似文献
386.
Margaret Fish 《Infant behavior & development》1998,21(4):685-698
This study explored stability and change in two aspects of infant temperamental behavior in a sample of 94 economically-disadvantaged rural Appalachian families. Regressions were used to predict Time 2 temperament for infants who increased and dereased in negative emotionality and positive/social behavior. Both infant and caregiving environment factors contributed to explaining change in first-year behavior. In this sample, maternal social support predicted more optimal change in infants' negative emotionality and positive/social behavior. Receiving public assistance and minor perinatal risk were associated with slower decline in negative emotionality and emergence of positive/social behavior. 相似文献
387.
Doreen J. Bartlett 《Infant behavior & development》1998,21(4):591-601
This investigation was conducted to determine whether the strong seasonality effect on infant motor development that has been noted in moderate climates would be replicated with infants born in a geographic region with more extreme conditions. One hundred and forty-five full-term infants (72 males, 73 females) born in Edmonton, alberta were assessed using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) at 7 months of age. No seasonality effects on the AIMS total scores or the prone, supine, sitting, or standing subsection scores were detected. A weak and statistically non-significant correlation was obtained between the average monthly AIMS scores and the average monthly temperatures 7 months after birth. These results suggest that extreme climatic conditions in urban geographic regions may dampen effects of season of birth on infant motor development. 相似文献
388.
389.
Leslie D. Strategier Kathleen Chwalisz Elizabeth M. Altmaier Daniel W. Russell Thomas R. Lehmann 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》1997,4(1):91-110
This study explored responses of chronic low back pain patients to treatment for different types of patients (dysfunctional, interpersonally distressed, and minimizer/adaptive coper), as classified using the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI). In addition, changes in MPI scores during treatment were examined separately for each patient type. Finally, this study explored the relationships between changes in MPI scores and physical improvement. Between-group differences in improvement were significant, with dysfunctional patients showing the most improvement on several scales. MPI scales that best predicted physical improvement differed according to patient type. Implications for treatment of low back pain patients are suggested, based upon differential reactions to treatment and different predictors of physical improvement for each patient group. 相似文献
390.
André M. Wong Mark De Santis Ph.D. 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1997,32(4):322-342
Sprague-Dawley rats were studied to learn whether gestation in the near-zero gravity, high radiation environment of space
impacts selected mammalian postnatal events. Ten rats spent days nine to twenty of pregnancy aboard the space shuttle orbiterAtlantis (STS-66). Their movement, was studied shortly after return to Earth; subsequently, several of their offspring were cross-fostered
and examined through postnatal day 81 (P81) for whole body growth and somatic motor development. Values for the flight animals
were compared to ground-based control groups. Relative to controls, the pregnant flight rats showed a marked paucity of locomotion
during the first few hours after returning to Earth. There was greater likelihood of perinatal morbidity for the offspring
of flight dams when compared to the control groups. Whole body weight of surviving offspring, averaged for each group separately,
showed typical sigmoidal growth curves when plotted against postnatal age. The flight group for our study had a larger ratio
of female to male pups, and that was sufficient to account for the lower average daily weight gained by the flight animals
when compared to the control groups. Walking was universally achieved by P13 and preceded eye opening which was complete in
all pups by P17. Thus, both of these developmental horizons were attained on schedule in the flight as well as the control
rats. Characteristic changes were observed in hind limb step length and gait width as the pups grew. These patterns occurred
at the same time in each group of rats. Therefore, prenatal space flight from days nine to twenty of gestation did not interfere
with the establishment of normal patterns for hind paw placement during walking. 相似文献