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231.
现象学把近代思想的主客体的对立关系及其思维模式化解为意向活动与其构造的意向相关项之间的意向性联系,从而将自己定位在以心理体验活动为研究对象的心理学和以思维内容为研究对象的逻辑学之间。这个基本思维态度和思维方式也体现在现象学对语言、符号和意义的理解与分析上。本文试图通过对胡塞尔第一逻辑研究的意向分析的重构来展示现象学分析的这一基本特征,同时也指明语言问题在胡塞尔现象学中的重要位置。 相似文献
232.
Philosophic concepts of death are pervasive throughout all societies as shared values, differing in particulars, but similar in general. So, too, is the prospect of a death a consideration for every person, an eventual reality brought most forcefully to mind as it nears. This article explores various mindsets those who provide pastoral counseling will encounter among clients and suggest effective approaches to providing the mental and spiritual solace sought. Further, consideration is given to the psychological and spiritual mein of the pastoral counselor, and how this can affect both client and counselor. 相似文献
233.
Elias M. Da Rocha Barros 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2002,83(5):1083-1093
In this paper the author attempts to expand the idea put forward by Freud who considered dreams as a special form of unconscious thinking. It is the author's contention that the psychical working‐out function performed by dreams is a form of unconscious thinking, which transforms affects into memories and mental structures. He also attempts to clarify the way in which meaning is built and transformed in mental life. In that respect the unconscious internal world is seen as a form of unconscious thinking, a private theatre where meaning is generated and transformed. He focuses on what happens to feelings in dreams in connection with the meanings as a result of and an expression of the several stages of working through. The dream world is described as the setting where the mind gives expressive pictorial representation to the emotions involved in a conflict: a first step towards thinkability. The dreamwork also constitutes a process through which meaning is apprehended, built on and transformed at an expressive non‐discursive level, based on representation through figurative/pictorial images. The author draws on Meltzer's formulation to conjecture that the working‐through function of dreams, mainly in response to interpretations, is performed by a process of progression in formal qualities of the representations made available by dreaming in the form he has called affective pictograms. It is through progression in formal qualities of the representation that the thinking capabilities of the affective life develop and become part of the process of what is called metaphorically the metabolisation of emotional life. This process takes place through migration of meaning across various levels of mental process. In this perspective the analyst'sinterpretations of dreams effect what linguists call transmutation of the symbolic basis, a process that is necessary to help the mind to improve its capacity to think. Something expressed on the evocative plane and condensed into a pictographic image is then transformed into verbal language that expresses meaning. These conceptions are illustrated by a detailed clinical case. 相似文献
234.
Shannon Hodges 《Journal of Adult Development》2002,9(2):109-115
The author explores the relationship between spirituality and religion and human growth and development, specifically examining emotional well-being during adulthood. Dimensions of spirituality to be explored are meaning in life, a transcendent purpose, intrinsic values, and spiritual community. The argument is made that spirituality is related to emotional well-being during adulthood. Implications for further research and relevant information for counselors, psychologists, and educators are included. 相似文献
235.
Ingrid Shafer 《Zygon》2002,37(1):121-136
A philosopher-poet-theologian ponders the implications of the multimillion-year biogenetic process that produced Homo sapiens and is beginning to reveal itself ever more clearly as evolution of the mind and consciousness. As meaning trappers and makers, called to actualize the divine image imprinted upon us, we are now facing biological and cultural evolution with deliberate human input as well as the evolution of evolution. As communicating animals that are becoming ever more aware of our adaptive behavior, we have the potential of affecting our own destiny by listening to the spirit within and nurturing the genes and memes that give rise to physical, intellectual, creative, and moral excellence. In the matrix of cyberspace we have the opportunity to heal the two-culture split, to reinvent ourselves, to incubate/weave the emergent religions of the future, and to create our multiple "Ways" appropriate to the dawning Age of Global Dialogue. 相似文献
236.
Fred J. Kauffeld 《Argumentation》2009,23(2):239-257
The pragmatics underlying Paul Grice’s analysis of utterance-meaning provide a powerful framework for investigating the commitments
arguers undertake. Unfortunately, the complexity of Grice’s analysis has frustrated appropriate reliance on this important
facet of his work. By explicating Cicero’s use of apostrophe in his famous “First Catilinarian” this essay attempts to show
that a full complex of reflexive gricean speaker intentions in essentially to seriously saying and meaning something.
相似文献
Fred J. KauffeldEmail: |
237.
Warren Colman 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2009,54(2):199-215
Abstract : This paper investigates the relationship between clinical knowledge and psychological theory and considers the implications for clinical writing. I argue that clinical knowledge is a way of understanding rather than a body of facts and compare clinical material to 'texts' that generate multiple and indeterminate meanings. Analytic theories, which represent the crystallization of ways of understanding clinical phenomena, have an inherently metaphorical 'as if' quality since they are derived from and adapted to the clinical process of making meaning by representing psychic states in symbolic form. Thus good clinical writing demonstrates an integration of theory and clinical material into a unified network of symbolic meanings. Redfearn's paper, 'The captive, the treasure, the hero and the "anal" stage of development' (1979), is discussed as an exemplar of such integration. It is suggested that clinical knowledge is equivalent to the skill of making effective interpretations. 相似文献
238.
Andrés Mejía D. 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2009,28(4):351-367
The current dominant approach on the assessment of critical thinking takes as a starting point a conception of criticality
that does not commit to any substantive view or context of meaning concerning what issues are relevant to be critical about
in society or in life. Nevertheless, as a detailed examination of the identification of assumptions shows, when going from
the theory of critical thinking to the praxis of producing and evaluating arguments, the critical person will inevitably make
such commitments from particular perspectives, using particular contexts of meaning. But then she may fail to take notice
of relevant ones and may end up using her critical powers in a mercenary way. It is then proposed, in the context of assessment
of critical thinking, to choose and use some privileged contexts of meaning, while making them available for critical scrutiny
and allowing for the possibility that new ones be brought up by those being assessed.
相似文献
Andrés Mejía D.Email: |
239.
We investigated the processing of violations of the verb position in Dutch, in a group of healthy subjects, by measuring event-related
potentials (ERPs) through electroencephalography (EEG). In Dutch, the base position of the verb is clause final, but in matrix
clauses, the finite verb is in second position, a construction known as Verb Second. In embedded clauses, the finite verb remains in its clause-final base position. The results show that ungrammatical placement
of finite verbs in second position in embedded clauses yields a P600 response, which suggests that the parser treats this
type of violation as a clear syntactic anomaly. This is in contrast to accounts by which a general preference for subject–verb–object
word order in languages like Dutch is reflected by an absence of P600 effects in response to violations of Verb Second. 相似文献
240.
Katherine Nelson 《New Ideas in Psychology》2009,27(2):275-287
Wittgenstein's positions on word learning, rules of use, and the impossibility of a private language, as expounded in his Philosophical Investigations, are examined in relation to issues of early child word learning. Current theoretical positions in the cognitivist mode are contrasted with the social cultural pragmatic approach, and each is compared to the principles that Wittgenstein advanced. Bloom's [(2000). How children learn the meanings of words. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press] version of the cognitivist theory rejects most of the principles that Wittgenstein advanced, relying on innate cognitive endowments to explain children's success in word learning, using the word-referent mapping paradigm. Nelson's “use without meaning” and Tomasello's [(2003). Constructing a language: A usage-based theory of language acquisition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press] social-pragmatic model of learning from use are presented as representative of Wittgensteinian principles that meaning exists in and is inferred from the uses of words within communal activities (“language games” in “forms of life”). 相似文献