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151.
本研究探讨了奖励形式启动的价值框架效应在调节绩效反馈对绩效提升与行为塑造的效果中发挥的作用。对231名大学生的问卷调查结果表明,采用金钱奖励时,接受个人绩效反馈的个体效能感更高,也有更好的绩效和合作行为表现;采用荣誉奖励时,集体绩效反馈的效果更好。即奖励形式与绩效反馈的匹配会提高组织成员绩效,增加其合作行为。基于该结果,建议管理者关注奖励体系中的价值信息与组织的管理方式相匹配,以推进组织的可持续发展。  相似文献   
152.
周爱保  崔丹  马小凤 《心理科学》2014,37(3):661-667
摘 要:在学习中,提取失败能否产生对知识的有效学习是一个很有意义的研究课题。以事实和概念类知识为实验材料,三个实验采用经典范式探讨了复杂意义条件下的提取失败后的学习效果。结果显示仅在尝试提取事实类题目失败后,促进了知识的保持和迁移;在迁移成绩上延时反馈优于即时反馈的效果。表明尝试提取复杂材料的信息失败后,知识的类型和反馈的时机决定了学习效果。  相似文献   
153.
《心理学报》2024,57(2)
负面绩效反馈对员工学习和绩效提升具有重要意义, 然而其往往难以被员工所接受。随着人工智能技术(artificial intelligence, AI)逐渐应用于组织情境中, 探索AI提供负面绩效反馈对员工行为及态度的影响成为重要议题。采用4个递进式实验探索了AI与人类管理者提供负面绩效反馈对个体绩效改进动机的差异化影响及机制。实验1~3采取经典的虚假反馈的策略, 发现相较于人类管理者, AI提供负面绩效反馈引发个体更高水平的绩效改进动机(实验1)。并且, 在客观任务中, AI (较人类管理者)提供负面绩效反馈引发个体更高水平的绩效改进动机; 而在主观任务中, 结果则相反(实验2)。此外, 个体对于负面绩效反馈的内部归因解释了上述关系发生的内在机制(实验3)。实验4则采用相对真实的负面绩效反馈情境, 重复了先前3个实验的研究发现。该研究对于组织为何以及何时应用AI提供负面绩效反馈提供了一定的启示。  相似文献   
154.
《心理学报》2024,57(2)
本研究通过4个实验探讨绝对和相对结果反馈情境下, 个体经历不同失败次数后, 成功次数对其耐挫表现的影响。实验1和实验2分别采用绝对结果(1a和1b: n = 132)和相对结果(2a和2b: n = 132)创设失败和成功反馈, 以不同难度(1a和2a)和相同难度(1b和2b)的图形推理题操纵先前的失败次数(5次或10次)和成功次数(1次或5次)。研究发现: (1)绝对结果反馈情境下: 经历5次失败后, 不论何种难度任务, 5次成功的耐挫表现高于1次成功。经历10次失败后, 相同难度任务下, 5次成功的耐挫表现高于1次成功; 不同难度任务下, 5次成功和1次成功的耐挫表现无差异。(2)相对结果反馈情境下: 经历10次失败后, 不论何种难度任务, 5次成功的耐挫表现高于1次成功。经历5次失败后, 相同难度任务下, 5次成功和1次成功的耐挫表现无差异; 不同难度任务下, 5次成功的耐挫表现高于1次成功。研究结果支持“成功是成功之母”的观点。  相似文献   
155.
第二语言学习中的反馈   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在第二语言学习中,反馈指针对学习者的言语行为给予学习者的评价性信息。该文阐释了反馈的概念、类型以及反馈在第二语言学习中的角色,并从反馈的时机与对象、对学习者注意力的引导、学习者认知资源的限制、情感支持等方面分析了有效反馈的特征,最后对反馈研究对我国第二语言学习与教学的意义及以后的研究方向进行了探讨  相似文献   
156.
Weitz (1961), aware of the lure of tradition and expedience, urged the identification of evaluation standards for dependent variables, which he referred to as criteria for criteria. In this article, five criteria are proposed using the mnemonic SURF & C: the directness of sampling (S); the responsiveness of the target (i.e., making sure the dependent variable is under (U) the worker's control); the reliability (R) of observers; the frequent (F) assessment of the target during the intervention period; and the critical (C) nature of the target. Together the criteria provide guidelines for what and how targets should be assessed. Their necessity is illustrated in two year-long experiments designed to improve the preventive maintenance of heavy equipment in the U.S. Marine Corps. Although the criteria are limited to evaluating dependent variables in field experiments, they are recommended as the foundation for successful performance efforts in any applied setting.  相似文献   
157.
    
Correct running form is important for injury prevention; as such, correct form promotes continued engagement in running as a long-term form of exercise. Researchers have shown video feedback to be an effective strategy to improve athletic form for a variety of sports, but it has not been evaluated in any behavior analytic research as a method for improving running form. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of video feedback to improve running form for regular runners. During baseline, each participant was video recorded while running without any feedback (verbal or video). During intervention, the researcher recorded the participant, then showed them the video and provided feedback on correct or incorrect form, according to a 9-step task analysis. Results show that all three participants achieved 100% correct steps on the task analysis when video feedback was used to maintain their form during follow-up.  相似文献   
158.
    
This study investigated the effects of self-monitoring and public posting on the cycling performance of competitive youth cyclists. We measured three primary dependent variables: performance volume, intensity precision, and performance-duration deviation. In addition, we evaluated self-monitoring accuracy and social validity. The participants were three males aged 14–16 years. We used an ABAB design to evaluate an intervention package that consisted primarily of self-monitoring and public posting. Athletes self-monitored their performance after training using an online summative Google Form. The coach publicly posted performance-based rankings on the social media application WhatsApp. Results indicate that the intervention package positively improved all performance measures across all athletes. Social-validity measures were also favorable.  相似文献   
159.
    
Writing progress notes represent a critical activity of practicing clinicians in a variety of settings. They provide a way for medical practitioners, insurance companies, and others to communicate in a timely fashion regarding ongoing clinical care. Previous research showed that intervention components like didactic training, using note templates, and feedback improved the quality of progress notes. At least two questions remain despite several studies already addressing progress note writing. First, previous research most often used multiple intervention components to improve progress notes. Thus, the relative impact of two common components of interventions, such as didactic training and feedback, is unclear. Second, previous research has not evaluated the acceptability of improved progress notes for the practitioners that actually utilize them. Thus, the purpose of the current study evaluated the components of didactic training and feedback on improved progress note writing for four direct staff employed by a psychiatric inpatient unit. A second purpose of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of the training procedures by both (a) the direct-care staff participating in this study and (b) four members of the psychiatric treatment team that used direct-care staff progress notes to inform their clinical care. Results showed that feedback was necessary to improve the accuracy of progress notes for three of four participants. The direct-care staff reported the training procedures as acceptable and the treatment team noted improvements in the quality of the progress notes after intervention. These data will be discussed in terms of ways to arrange effective training programs to improve direct-care staff's progress notes.  相似文献   
160.
    
Play provides children learning opportunities in the natural environment to acquire communication skills. While working to establish skills that may lead to additional leisure and social opportunities of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), procedures need to be both effective and efficient. One way to increase efficiency of teaching is through the use of instructive feedback (IF). Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to systematically replicate and extend previous research by examining if play behaviors emerge when using IF to teach conceptually related primary (i.e., tacts) and secondary targets (i.e., play skills). The results of the present study extend previous research by demonstrating the effectiveness of teaching tacts to individuals with ASD, and that using IF during tact training can help promote the acquisition of play skills.  相似文献   
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