对大学生心理健康教育几个误区的思考

针对大学生心理健康教育中,在心理健康水平的评估、心理健康教育的内容与形式、心理咨询和心理档案的建立等四个方面可能出现的误区,提出了合理化的建议.认为当代大学生心理健康水平总体是较高的,心理健康教育应内容活泼、形式生动、具有针对性;心理咨询应有利于学生隐私的保护;心理健康档案不宜机械使用,应动态追踪.     

对我国《人体器官移植条例》的伦理审视

《人体器官移植条例》已经颁布实施,人体器官移植是一种公认的涉及敏感伦理问题的外科手术。通过分析《条例》是否充分体现了国际通行的生命/医学伦理原则,研究了人体器官移植进行进一步伦理规范的必要性,提出了人体器官移植应遵循的具体医学伦理原则。特别强调了其中的"公正"实体原则和"伦理审查"程序原则。     

简论惠栋标帜"汉学"的易学特色

论文分"崇尚汉易家法"、"融通汉易师法"、"批评图书易学"种"学术价值与思想意义"四部分,论述了乾嘉著名易学大师惠栋的易学研究。论文指出:一、惠栋研究《周易》,重视汉易的家法,融通汉易师法,提倡复归汉代的象数易学,体现了他对传统易学的继承与超越;二、作为经学大师,惠栋企图借鉴汉代象数易学理论来指导易学研究,既是他诠释易学当代价值的认真尝试,也是他以独特的方式延续了象数易学的生命;三、惠栋梳理汉易各家源流、勾勒其象数学特点,祛除宋儒图书易学中的臆说的流弊,成为清代易学研究的一个成功典范,具有转变当时学风与确立十八世纪经学研究方向的意义。     

Following the Path to Equality Through Law: Reflections on Baker et al., <Emphasis Type="Italic">Equality: from Theory to Action</Emphasis>

This article assesses the significance of Baker et al., Equality: from Theory to Action from the perspective of current concerns occupying legal equality scholars in the UK, focusing in particular on the practical relevance of equality studies to the kinds of issues arising from the debate over the new Commission for Equality and Human Rights (CEHR). The article highlights and considers key issues, including the delineation of the sphere of inequality protection, the normative content of the concept of equality espoused by law and the potential of law to reach beyond its current limits to embrace the broader dimensions of (in)equality identified in Baker et al.’s account.     

Testing for effects of racial attitudes and visual contrast on the speed of a driver’s response to a pedestrian

Although ethnic minorities are overrepresented in pedestrian-vehicle collisions, previous driving studies did not examine racial attitudes in such collisions. Our objective was to determine whether the speed of a driver’s response to a pedestrian was affected by the driver’s racial attitudes and the contrast between the pedestrian’s skin colour and background. Participants viewed simulated driving scenes of a pedestrian on a road and pressed a button as soon as they saw an obstacle. Visual information, but not racial attitudes, affected the time it took observers to respond to pedestrian and non-pedestrian stimuli in driving scenes. Results indicated that contrast affected response time even when the stimulus was subliminal. We believe this is the first demonstration of contrast effects with subliminal stimuli in a driving context. Results have implications for traffic safety and for methodology used to study racial attitudes.     

类别不确定下的特征推理是基于类别还是基于特征联结

共有3个实验探讨归类不确定情况下的特征推理是基于类别进行还是基于特征联结进行。实验1在中文条件下重复了Verde等人2005的实验,得出了与之相符的结果,这个结果用基于类别的理性模型的设想或者是用基于特征联结的设想都可以解释。实验2考察被试在靶类别的类别特征频次并且特征结合出现频次高低不同的条件下特征推理的情况,实验2的结果表明,高集中与低集中两种条件下特征推理没有显著差异,不符合特征推理是基于类别进行的设想,而与特征推理是基于特征联结进行的设想吻合。实验3进一步考察被试在特征结合出现的总频次并且靶类别中特征结合出现的总频次高低不同的条件下特征推理的情况,结果表明,在高结合条件下进行特征推理要优于在低结合条件,支持了在归类不确定情况下的特征推理是基于特征联结进行的设想。据此可以认为,人们的特征推理是基于特征之间联结的频次进行,而不是基于类别进行     

晚清管子研究述论

晚清以降。诸子学走向复兴。作为其中重要一支,《管子》一书也摆脱以往“德主刑辅”、“以子证经、史”的边缘地位,受到广大士人、学者的关注。大致而言,晚清的管子研究经历了“通子致用”、“援西释管”和“改塑管子”三个阶段,逐渐完成了由古典向近代的学术嬗变。     

The Mental Model Theory of Conditionals: A Reply to Guy Politzer

This paper replies to Politzer’s (2007) criticisms of the mental model theory of conditionals. It argues that the theory provides a correct account of negation of conditionals, that it does not provide a truth-functional account of their meaning, though it predicts that certain interpretations of conditionals yield acceptable versions of the ‘paradoxes’ of material implication, and that it postulates three main strategies for estimating the probabilities of conditionals.     

Specialization effect and its influence on memory and problem solving in expert chess players

Expert chess players, specialized in different openings, recalled positions and solved problems within and outside their area of specialization. While their general expertise was at a similar level, players performed better with stimuli from their area of specialization. The effect of specialization on both recall and problem solving was strong enough to override general expertise—players remembering positions and solving problems from their area of specialization performed at around the level of players 1 standard deviation (SD) above them in general skill. Their problem-solving strategy also changed depending on whether the problem was within their area of specialization. When it was, they searched more in depth and less in breadth; with problems outside their area of specialization, the reverse. The knowledge that comes from familiarity with a problem area is more important than general purpose strategies in determining how an expert will tackle it. These results demonstrate the link in experts between problem solving and memory of specific experiences and indicate that the search for context-independent general purpose problem-solving strategies to teach to future experts is unlikely to be successful.