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351.
Andres De Los Reyes David B. Henry Patrick H. Tolan Lauren S. Wakschlag 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(5):637-652
Prior work has not tested the basic theoretical notion that informant discrepancies in reports of children’s behavior exist,
in part, because different informants observe children’s behavior in different settings. We examined patterns of observed
preschool disruptive behavior across varying social contexts in the laboratory and whether they related to parent-teacher
rating discrepancies of disruptive behavior in a sample of 327 preschoolers. Observed disruptive behavior was assessed with
a lab-based developmentally sensitive diagnostic observation paradigm that assesses disruptive behavior across three interactions
with the child with parent and examiner. Latent class analysis identified four patterns of disruptive behavior: (a) low across
parent and examiner contexts, (b) high with parent only, (c) high with examiner only, and (d) high with parent and examiner. Observed disruptive behavior specific to the parent and examiner contexts were uniquely related to parent-identified
and teacher-identified disruptive behavior, respectively. Further, observed disruptive behavior across both parent and examiner
contexts was associated with disruptive behavior as identified by both informants. Links between observed behavior and informant
discrepancies were not explained by child impairment or observed problematic parenting. Findings provide the first laboratory-based
support for the Attribution Bias Context Model (De Los Reyes and Kazdin Psychological Bulletin 131:483–509, 2005), which posits
that informant discrepancies are indicative of cross-contextual variability in children’s behavior and informants’ perspectives
on this behavior. These findings have important implications for clinical assessment, treatment outcomes, and developmental
psychopathology research.
相似文献
Lauren S. WakschlagEmail: |
352.
353.
Differences in emotional- and identity-relatedness with parents were explored across two cultural groups (863 university students from the USA and Turkey, representing individualist and collectivist societies, respectively) in Study 1 , and across two socioeconomic status (SES) groups (353 high school students from the upper and lower SES in Turkey) in Study 2 . In both studies, within-cultural differences in emotional- and identity-relatedness with parents were also explored in terms of: (i) self-directed and other-directed value orientations; and (ii) self-types, as suggested by the Balanced Integration-Differentiation Model. Results indicated cultural groups to be quite similar in emotional-relatedness, but to differ in relatedness of identities, with Turks reporting more related identities. Similarly, in Turkey, SES seemed to have more impact on identities than on emotional closeness, the lower SES adolescents reporting more relatedness with parents than upper SES adolescents. Thus, relatedness of identities appeared to be more important than emotional relatedness in differentiating between cultural and SES contexts. Results involving different self-types and value orientations pointed to both cross-cultural similarities and within-cultural diversity in the two domains of relatedness. Theoretical implications of cross- and within-culture differences in emotional- and identity-relatedness with parents are discussed. 相似文献
354.
Automatic verification of multi-agent systems by model checking via ordered binary decision diagrams 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We present a methodology for the verification of multi-agent systems, whose properties are specified by means of a modal logic that includes a temporal, an epistemic, and a modal operator to reason about correct behaviour of agents. The verification technique relies on model checking via ordered binary decision diagrams. We present an implementation and report on experimental results for two scenarios: the bit transmission problem with faults and the protocol of the dining cryptographers. 相似文献
355.
卷入(involvement)概念在市场研究中得到了极为广泛的关注,特别是在广告心理领域更是备受重视。研究发现,卷入常常影响广告的传播效果,制约着广告自身特点、插播环境、受众主体特征等作用的发挥。同时,学者们围绕这一概念构建了卷入的四水平说、加工深度模型、精细加工可能性模型、FCB网格、Rossiter-Percy网格等诸多理论模型。文章对相关研究进行了较系统的考察,并提出了现有研究依然存在的一些问题,如生态效度偏低、研究方法单一、相关的自动加工研究不够等 相似文献
356.
小学儿童互选友谊的发展趋势及攻击行为的影响:3年追踪研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对小学3、4年级的285名儿童进行了3年追踪调查,分析了儿童分别与男、女生互选友谊数的变化趋势及其在个体间的差异,探讨了外部攻击和关系攻击分别对两类互选友谊数的影响。结果表明:(1)儿童的男、女生互选友谊数在3年时间内都有显著的增加趋势,并表现出显著的性别差异,儿童与同性互选友谊数显著多于他们与异性的互选友谊数,男生与女生互选友谊数的增加速度比女生与女生互选友谊数增加速度慢,儿童与男生的互选友谊数越多,他/她与女生的互选友谊数就越少,表明了性别隔离现象的存在。(2)在控制了关系攻击的影响后,儿童的外部攻击对他们在各时间点测得的与女生的互选友谊数有显著的消极影响,而对他们与男生的互选友谊数影响不显著;在控制了外部攻击的影响后,儿童的关系攻击对他们在各时间点测得的与女生的互选友谊数有显著的积极影响,而对他们与男生的互选友谊数影响不显著。这说明外部攻击和关系攻击对儿童互选友谊数的影响存在性别差异 相似文献
357.
人格六焦点模型及老化研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hooker在人格三水平理论的基础上提出了人格六焦点模型,其中3个焦点为特质、个体行为构念、生活故事,它们构成了人格结构的内在本质。另外3个焦点为状态、自我调节和自我叙述,它们是与结构相对应的加工过程。人格六焦点模型为与之相关的老化研究提供了一个解释的框架。 相似文献
358.
因果力比较范式下对效力PC理论的检验 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
在用图形方式集中呈现信息的条件下,用因果力大小比较的实验范式检验效力PC理论。233名大学生被试对不同化学药物影响动物基因变异的能力做大小比较判断。结果发现,对单一因果关系因果力大小的比较判断具有以下3个特点:(1)不对称性:在预防原因条件下的因果力判断一般符合效力PC理论,而在产生原因条件下的因果力判断一般不符合效力PC理论;(2)在同时变化协变值DP和结果基率P(E|~C)的产生原因条件下,多数被试使用DP规则。这与概率对比模型的预测相一致,而不支持效力PC理论;(3)在固定协变值DP而只变化结果基率P(E|~C)的产生原因条件下,多数被试使用变异比RP规则。这是目前所有的因果推理理论都不能解释的现象。 相似文献
359.
心理求助行为:研究现状及阶段-决策模型 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
回顾了国内外心理求助研究的进展和现状,指出了目前研究中存在的局限。在文献分析和前期研究基础上提出心理求助行为的阶段-决策模型,该模型将心理求助视为一个内部决策过程,包括连续的三个阶段,分别为问题知觉阶段、自助评估阶段、他助评估阶段。在不同的求助阶段,影响求助行为的因素及其影响力不同。文章简要介绍了基于这个理论模型所作的初步研究 相似文献
360.