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161.
Mats Bergman 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2005,24(3-4):213-233
This article examines the contention that the central concepts of C. S. Peirce’s semeiotic are inherently communicational. It is argued that the Peircean approach avoids the pitfalls of objectivism and constructivism, rendering the sign-user neither a passive recipient nor an omnipotent creator of meaning. Consequently, semeiotic may serve as a useful general framework for studies of learning processes. 相似文献
162.
163.
Pat Bennett 《Zygon》2019,54(1):86-106
This article—the first of a linked set of three outlining the development and practice of a different approach to science/religion dialogue—begins with an overview of some persistent tensions in the field. Then, using a threefold heuristic of encounter, engagement, and expression, it explores the routes taken by James Ashbrook and Andrew Newberg to develop a dialogue between theology and neuroscience, discussing some of the problems associated with these and their implications for attempts to further develop neurotheology. Finally, it proposes a different way of thinking about this enterprise and points toward a new methodology for supporting this endeavor. 相似文献
164.
Peter Colwell 《The Ecumenical review》2019,71(5):642-652
This article identifies some of the developing context of interfaith relations within the ecumenical movement in the United Kingdom, where there has been a seismic shift in the national political debate that is now dominated by the decision, following a referendum, to leave the European Union. It argues that interfaith relations has lost much of its radical focus upon justice and become focused upon initiatives of social cohesion, mutual understanding, and celebration of difference, rather than addressing some of the deeper issues of justice and racism and the consequences of Britain’s colonial history, much of which has re‐emerged as a result of Brexit. This is of critical importance given the rise in hate crime, particularly anti‐Semitism and Islamophobia. 相似文献
165.
Huston P 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(1):103-117
Part of the National Placebo Initiative in Canada included public consultations, based on the belief that the views of the
public should inform Canadian policy development on what constitutes appropriate placebo use. Public consultations took place
nationally in 2003. A deliberative dialogue approach was used, or a structured discussion format designed to facilitate the
consideration of complex issues and build consensus. The placebo debate was characterized as having 3 distinct approaches
and each were explored. The first approach “Maximize Patient Protection” identified the need for experts to determine appropriate
placebo use and that placebos should only be allowed under very restricted conditions. The second approach “Maximize Medical
Knowledge” identified that placebos give essential information about the safety and efficacy of new drugs, and are appropriate
when the rights, safety and well-being of research participants are ensured. The third approach “Maximize Patient Autonomy”
identified that the current system of regulating placebo use is paternalistic and that patients should be able to define what
is in their best interests and have more leeway to determine for themselves if they wish to participate in a placebo-controlled
trial. Advantages and disadvantages of each approach were considered and feedback on what constitutes appropriate placebo
use was sought. The major findings were that: PCTs were considered a valuable and acceptable part of advancing medical knowledge;
research using placebos must be valid and justifiable; a patient-centred approach needs to be fostered; patient autonomy (choice)
should be a first consideration and take clear precedence in trials of low to medium risk; patient protection (or health)
may need to “trump” patient autonomy at higher levels of risk and/or patient vulnerability; placebos are not a violation of
the duty of care as duty of care is best met by identifying a choice for patients, whenever a choice is available. These consultations
clearly were not designed to produce conclusive evidence, but rather to provide some useful insights into what the public
may think about placebo use; additional studies are indicated.
Funding for the public consultations was provided by Health Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an international conference, “Placebo: Its Action and Place in Health Research
Today,” held in Warsaw, Poland on 12–13 April, 2003. 相似文献
166.
The Sunk Costs Fallacy or Argument from Waste 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Douglas Walton 《Argumentation》2002,16(4):473-503
This project tackles the problem of analyzing a specific form of reasoning called sunk costs in economics and argument from waste in argumentation theory. The project is to build a normative structure representing the form of the argument, and then to apply this normative structure to actual cases in which the sunk costs argument has been used. The method is partly structural and partly empirical. The empirical part is carried out through the analysis of case studies of the sunk costs argument found in business decision-making, as well as other areas like medical decision-making and everyday conversational argumentation. The structural part is carried out by using existing methods and techniques from argumentation theory, like argumentation schemes. The project has three especially significant findings. First, the sunk costs argument is not always fallacious, and in many cases it can be seen to be a rational precommitment strategy. Second, a formal model of argumentation, called practical reasoning, can be constructed that helps a rational critic to judge which sunk costs arguments are fallacious and which are not. Third, this formal model represents an alternative model of rationality to the cost-benefit model based on Bayesian calculation of probabilities. This alternative model is called the argumentation model, and it is based on interpersonal reasoning in dialogue as the model of rational thinking. This model in turn is based on the underlying notion of commitment in dialogue. 相似文献
167.
Svenaeus F 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2000,21(2):171-189
In this article I scrutinize the question whetherclinical medicine, in order to be considered ahermeneutical enterprise, must be thought of as areading of different texts. Three differentproposals for a definition of the concept of text inmedicine, suggested by other hermeneuticians, arediscussed. All three proposals are shown to beunsatisfying in various ways. Instead of attempting tofind a fourth definition of the concept of textsuitable to a hermeneutics of medicine, I then try toshow that the assumption that one needs to operatewith the concept of text in order to develop ahermeneutics of medicine is false. Clinicalinterpretation can be shown to essentially consist ina dialogical hermeneutics, the pattern of which can befound in the philosophy of Hans-Georg Gadamer. Thiskind of hermeneutics is not a methodology of textreading, but an ontological, phenomenologicalhermeneutics in which understanding is a necessaryfeature of the being-together of human beings in theworld. This being-together in and through languagetakes on a peculiar form in the clinical encounter,since the medical meeting is typically characterizedby an asymmetrical enstrangement and has a specificgoal – health for the patient – absent in other formsof hermeneutics. Central issues of Gadamer'sphilosophy, e.g. fusion of horizons, are shown tofit the structure of clinical practice. 相似文献
168.
Beebe J 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2004,49(2):177-191
Science means not just 'knowing', but knowing verified by replicability. Science is particularly hard to bring to depth psychology because the individual uniquenesses that can't be repeated are what make people most deeply themselves. Everyone, including the analytic investigator, however, has a science, in the sense of a world-view that is replicated by experience. Jung offered hermeneutics as an alternative mode to science for getting to know the psychological subject. But as Heidegger emphasized, hermeneutics always begins with the projection of a world-view, i.e., the science of the would-be interpreter. In the analytic situation, dialogue is available to test the world-view and enlarge its horizon, in accord with Gadamer's expansion of hermeneutics, 'the classical discipline concerned with the art of understanding texts', into a method of inquiry open to the possibilities of otherness. An example is given from an analytic training seminar, in which the author began by projecting his version of the theory of psychological types onto the dream material a candidate offered in response to the seminar. A dialogue with the candidate ensued which enabled the teacher to correct his original, somewhat rigid, application of his scientific viewpoint. In such a dialogue, psyche emerges as the final interpreter of what is, generating hypotheses that can fruitfully be applied to the understanding of other cases. 相似文献
169.
Jennifer Hockenbery 《Dialog》2021,60(1):28-34
This article looks at the connection between white supremacist cults and an epistemology of despair—a view that knowledge cannot be shared or communicated between diverse people. The theology of Augustine, the fourth century African bishop, undermines the power of this epistemology by inspiring hope in dialogue as an avenue towards ending white supremacist thinking. 相似文献
170.
David Carter 《The Ecumenical review》2021,73(1):86-110
This article describes the influence of the Orthodox tradition on Methodism in the course of the development of the ecumenical movement. It relates the proposals made in the 1990s for an international dialogue between the traditions, proposals which have yet to be acted on. The article also describes a series of resonances between the two traditions that exist from earlier parallel developments, as well as emphases that have occurred independently but that can now be recognized as establishing commonalities that could be fruitful in later dialogue. Mention is made of commonality in the theological use of hymnody (Charles Wesley and St Symeon in particular) and of common emphases on trinitarian theology holiness/theosis, the divine image in human nature and on holistic mission. 相似文献