中小学师生的校园暴力内隐观研究

本研究用自编问卷对2386名中小学生和504名中小学教师进行了调查,结果表明,中小学师生普遍认可比较严重的身体攻击和性骚扰为校园暴力,不太认可言语攻击为校园暴力。学生的内隐观存在性别、城乡和年级差异,教师的内隐观基本不受性别、城乡、年级和学历影响。教师比学生更认可身体攻击为校园暴力,而学生比教师更认可言语攻击、财产破坏和一般性的体罚为校园暴力。     

一个基于综合印象评分法的作文分事后调整模型

对大学英语四、六级考试作文评分进行了详细的描述,重点介绍了作文分的事后调整的原理和方法,并且给出了一个基于线性等值原理的数学推导。认为其数学模型主要是一个运用了“极大似然估计法”和“正态分”概念的统计模型。“评分标准的制定”、“用参照样卷来校准阅卷员对作文评分标准的掌握尺度”以及“阅卷员的培训和考核”构成了大学英语四、六级考试作文信度的基石;而作文分调整中基于“随机分发作文卷”、“客观题分数与作文分相关”以及“评分前后一致性”的统计方法则对出现系统性误差的阅卷员的评分结果进行了事后的校正。还提出如果拥有往次考试总体作文分均值数据,使用“加权移动平均法”可以实现对作文分的跨考次平衡。     

L'interprétation d'indices non verbaux par les enfants

Interpreting appropriately face expressions and analyzing social relations between people, according to their actions are useful competence for treating pragmatic aspects of communication. We do research on these competences by presenting a recognition emotion task, and a task in which movements of geometrical figures simulate social interaction, to 98 children (children aged 8, 10, 12 and 14 years, children with autism and mental retardation). Results show that answers qualitatively increase with age, even after 12 years. Children with autism encounter more difficulties to recognize emotional expression than to attribute intentional actions. Emotion recognition is related to simple intention attribution but not with complex one, which develops later.     

心、脑科学与医学人道主义价值观

当今,心、脑科学的研究进展及成果极大支持了科学的医学人道主价值观应当以正确认识、把握、运用脑模式科学假说为基础的观点.试从意识的本质、医学人道价值观的机制、与价值相关的医者心灵的自我控制和意志自由等三个方面探讨心、脑科学同医学实践中的医学人道价值观的关系.     

董仲舒易学哲学思想探析

董仲舒的易学哲学思想是他的整个哲学体系的核心内容.其内涵丰富而深刻,主要表现在董仲舒赋予<易传>中的"元"以逻辑在先和价值根源之意义,表明"元"是一个价值本体范畴;他把<易传>的"继善成性"论改造为"天止人继"说,反映了人类在宇宙万物中之地位与意义的一种自觉精神;又把<易传>"人文化成"的思想观念发展为一种"人文宇宙观",从宇宙观高度审视人类文化,又从人类文化角度看待宇宙,观与文化观合二为一,表明了宇宙是人类文化创造的本源和基础,而人类文化是宇宙的发展和完善.这就从宇宙观的高度肯定、突出了人文价值的崇高意义.     

Writing about patients III: Comparisons of attitudes and practices of analysts residing outside and within the USA

When analysts write about patients, they find themselves in a position of conflict. Their first loyalty is to their patients and maintaining confidentiality. However, they are also committed to advancing scientific knowledge in the psychoanalytic field. The attitudes and practices of 36 analysts residing outside the USA, who published articles using clinical material from their patients, are reported. Their attitudes and practices are compared with those of 30 author-analysts residing within the USA, who had been previously interviewed. Among the 66 analysts, geographic region was not a basis for distinguishing differences in attitudes or practices. Slightly more than twice as many analysts use only disguised material as regularly ask permission of their patients to write about them. The decision to use only disguise is somewhat more frequent for analysts who reside outside the USA than for those living within it. Analysts around the world are increasingly concerned about the accessibility of published material. More analysts have come to believe that it is necessary to ask permission before publishing material. Some analysts also believe that the request itself, and the patients reading written material about themselves, focus issues that are central to patients' characters and confl icts that can then be explored analytically.     

Small wonders of the Indian market

Heavy competition in India in almost all product categories, due to diversification by large and medium companies and increased entry of multinationals, has restricted the growth of domestic companies. Previously, large companies enjoyed high profit margins by targeting premium priced products in the upper strata of Indian society. High levels of competition from equally reputed brands have not only decreased the companies' market share but also created price wars, reducing profit margins and limiting market growth. This has motivated companies to consider the lower classes and the rural segments, which they had previously ignored. By targeting these segments with products in small packs at lower price points, companies have experienced great success. At the same time, small packs also pose some challenges for the companies. This paper explains the importance of small packs for market expansion in various product categories within the Indian market, drawing on several examples to support the views of the authors. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications.     

“上下意象图式”对汉语成语感情色彩加工的影响

通过两个实验,考察了＂上下意象图式＂对汉语成语感情色彩加工的影响。实验一发现,成语感情色彩加工存在＂隐喻一致效应＂,褒义的成语呈现在屏幕上方加工得更快,贬义的成语呈现在屏幕下方加工得更快、更准。实验二消除了具体空间信息的影响,发现仅有抽象符号水平的联结,＂上＂、＂下＂概念不能影响汉语成语感情色彩的加工。研究结果支持隐喻理论和具身认知观。     

社会支持、学习观和自我效能感对学习主观幸福感的影响

通过对469名初中生的问卷调查,考察社会支持、学习观、自我效能感与学习主观幸福感的关系。结果表明:(1)初中生学习主观幸福感总体在中等水平以上,不存在性别差异;非重点学校学生学习主观幸福感低于重点学校的学生;学习主观幸福感随年级的升高而逐渐降低。(2)控制了人口学变量的影响后,社会支持、学习观和自我效能感对学习主观幸福感仍有显著影响,其中自我效能感对学习主观幸福感的影响作用较大。(3)社会支持对初中生学习主观幸福感既具有直接影响,同时也具有间接影响;初中生学习观和自我效能感在社会支持和学习主观幸福感之间起着部分中介作用。     

论张积中的三教观

自魏晋以来,儒释道三家思想并存发展成为了中国文化的显著特征之一。清末太谷学派作为流传于民间的一个学术派别,其三教观一直存在诸多争议。学派北宗传人张积中在山东肥城黄崖山聚徒讲学近十年,门人弟子遍及山左,现存遗著十九种,为太谷二传弟子中著述最多者。从张积中的三教观来看,他并非倡导三教合一,其三教观的核心是以弘扬儒家文化为基本理念,同时汲取佛道思想来完善其理论体系的太谷圣功之学,当属宋明"新儒家"思想在民间进行儒学传播的新尝试。