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841.
Art S. Fergusson Abigail M. Stark Olivia H. Tousignant Gary D. Fireman 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2020,181(5):348-364
AbstractEfforts to demonstrate children’s ability to report experiencing mixed emotions have typically used an allocentric approach, asking children to report on emotions of other individuals in response to stories or movie clips demonstrating social themes. In contrast, literature examining children’s personal experiencing and understanding of their own mixed emotions, typified as an egocentric approach, in nonsocial situations remains underdeveloped. The current study examined the development of children’s reported understanding and experience of mixed emotions egocentrically. By examining a nonsocial context, this investigation extends existing gender- and age-related research on expressing egocentric mixed emotion. Using a computerized game with a disappointing wins paradigm, egocentric mixed emotional experience was elicited in 142 children (80 boys, 62 girls) aged 6 to 12?years. Results revealed that age, but not gender, was a statistically significant predictor of expressing egocentric mixed emotion experience and understanding. When studying mixed emotion development in a nonsocial context, gender did not contribute to differences in child reports. A significant positive relationship between egocentric mixed emotion experiencing and understanding also emerged. These findings contribute to our understanding of children’s emotion development and offer future directions for examining the broad domain of nonsocial contexts in youth expression of mixed emotions. 相似文献
842.
Goals and plans for changing one’s personality traits have been found to be commonly held, particularly in young adults. Evidence for whether such goals and plans can predict actual trait change is mixed. The current study replicated and extended the methodology of a previous study to investigate whether trait change goals and plans predict change over a year in a sample of Iranian students. It was found that goals and plans before and after the 12-month period predicted longitudinal change in Openness to Experience, but no association was found for other traits. To explore whether this relationship between goals and change in Openness to Experience is replicable, further research with samples of differing ages and cultures is needed. 相似文献
843.
844.
Nicola S. Schutte Rebecca R. Manes John M. Malouff 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2009,28(1):21-31
The aim of the research was to examine the full range of emotion regulation strategies proposed by the Gross and John (Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology 85:348–362, 2003; John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Individual differences in emotion regulation. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 351–372). New York: Guilford) process model of emotional regulation. Seventy-three participants from Australia provided
information on their use of emotion regulation strategies, well-being, and emotional intelligence. As predicted by the process
model of emotional regulation, antecedent focused regulation strategies were associated with greater well-being. Response-modulation
strategies predicted no additional variance in well-being beyond antecedent-regulation strategies. In contrast to past research
on the selected response modulation strategy of suppression, in the present research response modulation was not associated
with negative well-being outcomes. Individuals higher in emotional intelligence showed more antecedent-focused regulation,
a finding congruent with model-based predictions. 相似文献
845.
846.
E. Mark Cummings Marcie C. Goeke-Morey Alice C. Schermerhorn Christine E. Merrilees Ed Cairns 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(1):16-38
The effects on children of political violence are matters of international concern, with many negative effects well-documented.
At the same time, relations between war, terrorism, or other forms of political violence and child development do not occur
in a vacuum. The impact can be understood as related to changes in the communities, families and other social contexts in
which children live, and in the psychological processes engaged by these social ecologies. To advance this process-oriented
perspective, a social ecological model for the effects of political violence on children is advanced. This approach is illustrated
by findings and methods from an ongoing research project on political violence and children in Northern Ireland. Aims of this
project include both greater insight into this particular context for political violence and the provision of a template for
study of the impact of children’s exposure to violence in other regions of the world. Accordingly, the applicability of this
approach is considered for other social contexts, including (a) another area in the world with histories of political violence
and (b) a context of community violence in the US. 相似文献
847.
E. Mark Cummings Mona El-Sheikh Chrystyna D. Kouros Joseph A. Buckhalt 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(1):3-15
Exposure to marital psychological and physical abuse has been established as a risk factor for children’s socio-emotional,
behavioral, and cognitive problems. Understanding the processes by which children develop symptoms of psychopathology and
deficits in cognitive functioning in the context of marital aggression is imperative for developing efficient and effective
treatment programs for children and families, and has far-reaching mental health implications. The present paper outlines
our research program, Child Regulation and Exposure to Marital Aggression, which focuses on children’s emotional and physiological reactivity and regulation as pathways in the marital aggression–child
development link. Findings from our research program, which highlight the importance of children’s regulatory processes for
understanding children’s adjustment in contexts of intimate partner violence, are presented, and future directions in this
line of inquiry are outlined. 相似文献
848.
Kathy R. Berenson Anett Gyurak
zlem Ayduk Geraldine Downey Matthew J. Garner Karin Mogg Brendan P. Bradley Daniel S. Pine 《Journal of research in personality》2009,43(6):1064-1072
Two studies tested the hypothesis that Rejection Sensitivity (RS) increases vulnerability to disruption of attention by social threat cues, as would be consistent with prior evidence that it motivates individuals to prioritize detecting and managing potential rejection at a cost to other personal and interpersonal goals. In Study 1, RS predicted disruption of ongoing goal-directed attention by social threat but not negative words in an Emotional Stroop task. In Study 2, RS predicted attentional avoidance of threatening but not pleasant faces in a Visual Probe task. Threat-avoidant attention was also associated with features of borderline personality disorder. This research extends understanding of processes by which RS contributes to a self-perpetuating cycle of interpersonal problems and distress. 相似文献
849.
Thomas F. Denson Amanda J. White Wayne A. Warburton 《Journal of research in personality》2009,43(4):673-681
When angered, alcohol and rumination increase aggression toward the source of a subsequent minor annoyance. Little is known about individual differences that moderate this phenomenon. One hundred university students (47 men, 53 women) were provoked and given either alcohol or placebo and subsequently induced to ruminate or engage in distraction. Participants were then given the opportunity to aggress against a somewhat annoying fictitious participant by determining the amount of hot sauce the other participant must consume. Alcohol and rumination independently augmented aggressive behavior, and these effects were moderated by trait displaced aggression and psychopathy, respectively. These findings suggest alcohol use and rumination as targets of intervention, specifically for those high in trait displaced aggression and psychopathy. 相似文献
850.
The long-term relationship between lower intelligence and mortality risk in later life is well established, even when controlling for a range of health and sociodemographic measures. However, there is some evidence for differential effects in various domains of cognitive performance. Specifically, tests of fluid intelligence may have a stronger association with mortality than do tests of crystallized intelligence. The present study examines the relationship between intelligence and mortality in a sample of 896 Australian community-dwelling males and females, aged 70–97 at recruitment and followed for up to 17 years. There were 687 deaths during the follow-up period. Cox proportional hazard regression models examined whether the relationship between intelligence and mortality might be mediated by socioeconomic status, by health behaviors, by health status, or a combination of these. Higher fluid intelligence — as measured by the Symbol–Letter Modalities Test — was strongly associated with lower mortality rates (Hazard ratio = 0.80; 95% confidence interval = 0.72–0.88), even after accounting for any combination of potential mediators and confounders. A significant association between crystallized intelligence, as measured by the National Adult Reading Test, and mortality (HR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.80–0.99) was attenuated by the inclusion of socioeconomic, health status measures, and health behavior measures and when deaths from the first four years of the study were excluded. The findings show little support for the hypothesized mechanisms of the intelligence–mortality relationship. 相似文献