从科学革命的视角看《中医内科学》教材的结构性范式

为中医内科学的理论革新建立哲学基础,满足当今医学实践的需要,借用范式理论,着重于对现行《中医内科学》教材的“结构性范式”进行哲学考察。《中医内科学》教材的“结构性范式”本质上是以证素为核心的病机语言体系和以二分法为特征的分析逻辑体系。原有的《中医内科学》范式已不能适应当代中医实践复杂性的要求,故有必要对其进行“科学革命”。革命的重点在于：保留“多维度”的思维,引导“二分法”向“层次论”转变,并且抛开“中西”意识形态的成见,践行医学的“西体中用”以弥补自身的不足。

     

高等中医药院校专业建设现状与发展路径研究

以全国24所中医药院校78个招生专业为研究样本,运用网络搜集法与文本研究法分析中医药院校专业建设现状,认为高等中医药院校形成了以医学类专业为主、非医学类专业积极发展的专业格局;契合新医科发展趋向,新兴专业与紧缺专业加速增设;开展专业改革、引入优质资源方式促进专业建设内涵提升。但同时也存在着新建专业的中医药特质不足、非医学类部分专业建设基础薄弱与部分专业培养口径窄化的问题。建议通过加强学科专业一体化建设、坚持专业引领作用发挥与促进宽口径专业发展向度来整体提振中医药院校专业建设质量水平。

     

法国中医拉维耶的天地人诊疗体系及西方实践

法国中医汉学家拉维耶是西方继承和发展传统中医文化和医疗实践的集大成者,他运用训诂学方法考辩中医经典相关概念和术语的含义,试图通过理解象形文字和会意文字与中国古人建立对话。他通过研究中国古代天文学、《易经》和《黄帝内经》等传统中医基础理论,以中国三才思想为基础,创立独特的天地人诊疗体系。天地人分别类比人的精神、物质和社会层面,拉维耶从中医整体观出发,认为疾病的病因、诊断和治疗可以分为精神、心理和身体三个层次,以此为基础建立了天地人三才辨证施治的中医理论,其理论和实践在西方广泛传播。

     

中医目的方法之人文科学性——兼与魏鲁霞、申俊龙、叶盛平商榷

学派间方法论差异影响中医发展方向。中医学的目的和现代医学目的的一致性,要求人文和科学方法不能矛盾,应整合在系统科学视角下;经典注疏、生成论、文化基因论在追求自洽圆融中迷失医学目标方向;质疑隐性知识创造式思维,对中医学要做批判性的继承。阴阳和谐解释为阴阳协调,与健康概念条件等效或等价,是用现代科学观念论证、而非语法词句注疏的结果;公理化设计不失为一种科学方法。     

香港中医执业资格考试之现况与改革建议

目前国家把中医药传承发展需要的中医临床合格人才作为中医执业资格考试的目的。通过香港、内地（大陆）与台湾三地执业资格考试现况的比较,从中医发展现况、国家中医人才需求及本地中医业界意见等入手探讨香港的中医执业资格考试制度。结论是因目前所需的中医人才在中医思维、经典与临床实践能力都有较高的要求,故执业资格考试亟需在目的、内容、方式、参加资格与课程要求等方面做相应改革,并结合有系统的中医人才培训计划及资历架构以提升中医专业素质,另建议设立“香港中医专业学院”以进行执业资格考试的相关改革事宜。

     

《泰山药物志》医学思想探析

《泰山药物志》是民国时期特色鲜明、影响较大的中医药学著作。全书共8卷（主干4卷）,详载泰山药物500余味,附以单方验方及与泰山药物有关的轶事传闻,对研究民国时期医病特色、泰山药物的采集与使用具有较高的实用价值。结合书中所载处方及诊病记录,探析该书“治病先固本”“病理如事理”“天下物皆是药”“五海以和为贵”等医学药学思想,分析高宗岳医学思想的时代特征与思想渊源,对本书的历史价值与影响也作了初步探讨。

     

Characteristically Lutheran Leanings?

Is there a distinct Lutheran epistemology? I contend that there is. This epistemology, coming from the writings of (and subsequent reflections upon the writings of) Martin Luther, is uniquely poised–due to its emphasis on history, its affirmation of "the ordinary" and embodied life, its ability to have genuine dialogue with "secular" disciplines, and its built–in humility–for addressing the interdisciplinary political, social justice, environmental, and other issues that face us today. Likewise, one is able to embrace this epistemology whether he or she is a geneticist, a priest, a teacher, or a doctor; in fact it is this epistemology that can enable us to discern vocational goals.     

如何理解"德得相通"

道德与利益的关系问题可折射出整个社会道德的基础与取向,必须对之予以正确阐释。“德得相通”应该理解成“德”与“道之得”、“心之得”意义上的相通,不应该似是而非的理解成“德”主要与“利之得”意义上相通,更不能把如此理解的“德得相通”视为中国传统道德的基本精神与价值取向。中国传统道德的基本精神与价值取向,应该是以提升自我德性和实现理想人格为主旨,强调克己尚义的道德价值论。     

Social representations of health and illness: the case of the Chinese community in England

This paper reports results from a qualitative study on social representations of health and illness among the Chinese community in England. It is assumed that representations of health and illness are grounded in cultural frameworks and are constructed through communication, social interaction and the practices of daily life. Our findings show that in spite of differences related to age and degrees of acculturation, Chinese people in England share a common representational system with respect to health and illness. This system is based on the traditional notions of “balance” and “harmony” between the interdependent forces of Yin and Yang. Health results from balance, whereas illness is brought about by disequilibrium. It is through these traditional Chinese concepts that Western biomedical knowledge is incorporated, producing a mixed representational field where Chinese and Western knowledge co‐exist. This representational field is transmitted through the most fundamental dimensions of culture: food, language and kinship relations. We conclude by showing that social representations of health and illness are inseparable from the struggles over identity experienced by the Chinese people in England. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Lay beliefs about meaning in life: Examinations across targets,time, and countries

We examined how lay beliefs about meaning in life relate to experiences of personal meaning. In Study 1 (N = 406) meaning in life was perceived to be a common experience, but one that requires effort to attain, and these beliefs related to levels of meaning in life. Participants viewed their own lives as more meaningful than the average person’s, and technology as both creating challenges and providing supports for meaning. Study 2 (N = 1719) showed cross-country variation in levels of and beliefs about meaning across eight countries. However, social relationships and happiness were identified as the strongest sources of meaning in life consistently across countries. We discuss the value of lay beliefs for understanding meaning in life both within and across cultures.