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排序方式: 共有198条查询结果,搜索用时 2 毫秒
41.
Sung-Yeon Park Gi Woong Yun Jacqueline Hitchon McSweeney Albert C. Gunther 《Sex roles》2007,57(7-8):569-578
This study investigated the pluralistic ignorance on the norm of ideal female thinness and also the presumed influence of
thin idealized media images as the cause of the misperception. A survey of 111 female and 109 male US undergraduate students
revealed that both women and men overestimated the thinness of body type preferred by others. In addition, men reported that
others would be more affected by the media than self while women considered themselves to be as vulnerable as others. Subsequent
regression analyses demonstrated that the difference in the perceived media influence on self and others was a significant
predictor of the norm of ideal female thinness. Similar misperceptions were also found between men and women in dating relationships. 相似文献
42.
Jolene R Sy John C Borrero Jennifer Zarcone 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(4):833-837
We assessed the effects of individually defined small, medium, and large periods of presession access to edible and nonedible reinforcers on response rates during sessions in which responding produced access to identical reinforcers. Any presession access to an edible reinforcer decreased response rates for 1 participant, and small and medium periods of presession access to nonedible reinforcers resulted in similar or increased response rates for 2 participants. 相似文献
43.
Ullrich K.H. Ecker Anna M. Arend Kirstin Bergstrm Hubert D. Zimmer 《Consciousness and cognition》2009,18(3):679-689
Research on the effects of perceptual manipulations on recognition memory has suggested that (a) recollection is selectively influenced by task-relevant information and (b) familiarity can be considered perceptually specific. The present experiment tested divergent assumptions that (a) perceptual features can influence conscious object recollection via verbal code despite being task-irrelevant and that (b) perceptual features do not influence object familiarity if study is verbal-conceptual. At study, subjects named objects and their presentation colour; this was followed by an old/new object recognition test. Event-related potentials (ERP) showed that a study-test manipulation of colour impacted selectively on the ERP effect associated with recollection, while a size manipulation showed no effect. It is concluded that (a) verbal predicates generated at study are potent episodic memory agents that modulate recollection even if the recovered feature information is task-irrelevant and (b) commonly found perceptual match effects on familiarity critically depend on perceptual processing at study. 相似文献
44.
义符熟悉性对高频形声字词汇通达的影响 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
采用启动词汇判断范式,考察义符熟悉性对高频汉字形声字认知的影响。结果表明,义符加工与整字加工存在动态的交互作用。在加工早期,高频汉字形声字的整字语义已经激活,但此时义符的语义并未激活。高熟悉性义符的词形启动比低熟悉性义符早。随着SOA增长,高、低熟悉性义符的语义都出现激活。到了加工晚期,汉字形声字整字的语义激活仍然显著,但义符的语义激活消失,表明字词认知的整合过程已经完成。这一结果支持汉字认知中整字加工和部件加工相结合的观点 相似文献
45.
听觉词的语义激活过程是认知心理学和心理语言学的热点问题。近期出现了两种假设:(1)全部通达理论;(2)语义背景依赖假设。采用缺失音素的中文双字词为材料,考察了中文听觉词的语音、语义激活进程。实验1考察了影响缺失音素的中文听觉词语音、语义激活的因素;实验2考察了在听觉词理解初期,词义提取是否存在句子背景效应。结果表明:(1)对缺失音素的中文听觉词识别受听觉词语音和句子语义背景影响;(2)句子语义背景在缺失音素的中文听觉词识别之初就开始发挥作用,并一直影响着中文听觉词的理解。 相似文献
46.
精细阐述与先行信息激活水平的动态变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
该研究运用窗口阅读及命名探测技术,对即时与延迟状态下合适与不合适背景信息的激活模式进行了探讨。被试阅读含有精细阐述错误信息的语篇,并对合适或不合适的探测词进行命名反应。结果发现,虽然即时条件下,受精细阐述的不合适探测词激活水平高于合适探测词,但当延迟时间为1500ms时,原有的激活模式发生了逆转。这种激活模式的变化主要是由于合适的背景信息随时程延长激活水平得到提升所致。 相似文献
47.
48.
汉语并列式合成词的词汇通达 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
汉语并列式合成词具有三种类型,这三种类型内部不同的词素组合在心理词典中则需要不同的词汇通达时间。实验结果表明,在对汉语并列式合成词的词汇通达过程中,第一成分并不总是起决定作用;同样,并列式合成词中的两个成分在词汇通达过程中并不总是同等重要。实验证明,语义透明度对并列式合成词的词汇通达起重要作用。实验还发现,在心理词典中对并列式合成词的词汇通达需要一个证实原则。 相似文献
49.
Anthony Biglan Dennis Ary Virginia Koehn Debra Levings Sandra Smith Zada Wright Lisa James Jamye Henderson 《American journal of community psychology》1996,24(5):625-638
A community intervention to mobilize positive reinforcement for not selling tobacco to young people was evaluated. The intervention
had five components: (a) mobilization of community support, (b) merchant education, (c) changing consequences to clerks for
selling or not selling to those under 18, (d) publicity about clerks’ refusals to sell, and (e) feedback to store owners or
managers about the extent of their sales to adolescents. A multiple baseline design experiment was conducted, in which two
small Oregon communities received the intervention, while two others continued in baseline. Outlets’ willingness to sell was
assessed repeatedly by teenage volunteers. The intervention significantly reduced the proportion of stores willing to sell.
Mobilizing socia and material reinforcement for stores not selling tobacco to young people is a viable means of reducing such
sales. It may be especially valuable in communities where laws against sales to minors go unenforced.
This paper supported in part by the National Cancer Institute Grant CA38273. 相似文献
50.
Glen W. White Adrienne Paine-Andrews R. Mark Mathews Stephen B. Fawcett 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1995,28(4):457-463
We examined the effects of access modifications to home entrances of people with physical disabilities on their reported community outings. An interrupted time-series design was used, in which the introduction of ramps was staggered across the homes of 6 people with moderate to severe mobility impairments. Four participants reported increases in weekly outings following installation of ramps at their entrances, and 2 reported a small decrease. These findings suggest that reducing the response requirements of access to and from the residence of people with mobility impairments may increase community visits, but may be insufficient given other environmental barriers in the community. 相似文献