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161.
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that individual differences in sensation seeking account for adolescents’ risk behavior and vocational interests. We relied on Arnett’s (1994) conceptualization of sensation seeking as involving a need for intensity and a need for novelty, neither of which includes the willingness to take risks. Self-report scales measuring intensity seeking, novelty seeking, impulsiveness, risk behavior and vocational interest were administered to 636 adolescents. New scales measuring intensity seeking (IS) and novelty seeking (NS) were used. Regression analyses showed that IS and to a lesser extent NS accounted for a small part of variance of risk behavior, independent of impulsiveness. IS and NS accounted for vocational interests. The discussion emphasizes the importance of disentangling sensation seeking as a trait from willingness to take risks when one intends to analyse the effect of the former on risk behavior. 相似文献
162.
This study aimed at estimating the correlation between true scores (true consistency) of vocational interest over a short time span in a sample of 1089 adults. Participants were administered 54 items assessing vocational, family, and leisure interests twice over a 1-month period. Responses were analyzed with a multitrait (MT) model, which supposes no temporal change, and a latent change (LC) model with temporally stable method effects. The LC model fitted the data well in 75% of cases whereas the MT never held. Error measurement is not sufficient in explaining the imperfect test-retest manifest correlations. True consistency estimates were very high with an average of .87, suggesting that although true temporal change occurs even within short periods its magnitude is rather limited. 相似文献
163.
ObjectivesThe present study examined reciprocal relations between autonomous motivation from self-determination theory (SDT) and constructs from the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in a sport injury context.MethodsThe study adopted a three-wave longitudinal cross-lagged panel design. Physical education students in China (N = 4414; Mage = 14.42, SD = 1.75) completed self-report measures of autonomous motivation, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control with respect to sport injury prevention at baseline (T1) and at two follow-up occasions one (T2) and three (T3) months later. Proposed reciprocal relations between autonomous motivation and the TPB constructs controlling for construct stability over time were tested using structural equation modeling.ResultsThree cross-lagged SEMs for effects of constructs measured at T1 on constructs measured at T2 and T3, and effects of constructs measured at T2 on constructs measured at T3 met goodness-of-fit criteria (CFI > 0.95, TLI > 0.94, RMSEA = 0.03, SRMR = 0.05) with consistent patterns of effects. Across the three models, autonomous motivation predicted the prospectively-measured TPB constructs with small-to-medium effect sizes (β range = 0.17 to 0.32, ps < .001), but associations between the TPB variables and prospectively-measured autonomous motivation were markedly smaller in size (β range = 0.01 to 0.18, ps range = .001 to .892).ConclusionsFindings provide initial support for the temporal ordering of the constructs in the integrated model of SDT and TPB in a sport injury context. Autonomous motivation from SDT is likely to be an antecedent of the constructs from the TPB. 相似文献
164.
165.
Against the background of an ever-growing body of literature that documents educational differentials in different forms of political participation, scholars have started to study whether education itself becomes the object of intergroup behavior. Informed by social identity theory and self-categorization theory, we examine whether making educational categories and the associated status differences salient affects people’s prospective political participation. Two large survey experiments carried out in samples from Flanders (Belgium; N = 1,097) and the United States (N = 629) were used to assess categorization effects of education on people’s willingness to participate in deliberative political-participation initiatives. In general, our results indicated that rendering educational categories salient increased educational differentials in prospective political participation in a way that is disadvantageous to the less educated. We elaborate on the implications of our findings. 相似文献
166.
Scientific journals can promote ethical publication practices through policies on conflicts of interest. However, the prevalence
of conflict of interest policies and the definition of conflict of interest appear to vary across scientific disciplines.
This survey of high-impact, peer-reviewed journals in 12 different scientific disciplines was conducted to assess these variations.
The survey identified published conflict of interest policies in 28 of 84 journals (33%). However, when representatives of
49 of the 84 journals (58%) completed a Web-based survey about journal conflict of interest policies, 39 (80%) reported having
such a policy. Frequency of policies (including those not published) varied by discipline, from 100% among general medical
journals to none among physics journals. Financial interests were most frequently addressed with relation to authors; policies
for reviewers most often addressed non-financial conflicts. Twenty-two of the 39 journals with policies (56%) had policies
about editors’ conflicts. The highest impact journals in each category were most likely to have a published policy, and the
frequency of policies fell linearly with rank; for example, policies were published by 58% of journals ranked 1 in their category,
42% of journals ranked third, and 8% of journals ranked seventh (test for trend, p = 0.003). Having a conflict of interest policy was also associated with a self-reported history of problems with conflict
of interest. The prevalence of published conflict of interest policies was higher than that reported in a 1997 study, an increase
that might be attributable to heightened awareness of conflict of interest issues. However, many of the journals with policies
do not make them readily available and many of those policies that were available lacked clear definitions of conflict of
interest or details about how disclosures would be managed during peer review and publication. 相似文献
167.
Defining Financial Conflicts and Managing Research Relationships: An Analysis of University Conflict of Interest Committee Decisions 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Despite a decade of federal regulation and debate over the appropriateness of financial ties in research and their management, little is known about the actual decision-making processes of university conflict of interest (COI) committees. This paper analyzes in detail the discussions and decisions of three COI committees at three public universities in California. University committee members struggle to understand complex financial relationships and reconcile institutional, state, and federal policies and at the same time work to protect the integrity of the scientific process, the autonomy and intellectual freedom of their faculty colleagues and students, and the financial interests of the university. 相似文献
168.
Branco AU 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2007,41(1):41-49
Methodological issues in psychology consist of a key aspect for the scientific development of the discipline. In this paper I elaborate on the reasons why I partially agree with Toomela's ideas, and why I also disagree with some of his arguments. The convergence refers to the need for a radical change concerning the widespread use of methodologies that has been typical of mainstream psychology, which still flavors too positivist and pseudo-quantitative, overlooking the central relevance of theory for scientific development. The divergence resides in Toomela's insistence to oppose what he designates as "the North American" to "the German-Austrian" scientific thinking: from my perspective, the misuse of cultural categories can only lead to misguided and unconstructive dichotomies that entails a naive concept of culture, and do not contribute to scientific development. From a contemporary systemic approach, complex issues deserve more sophisticated analysis. 相似文献
169.
浅析基因治疗临床试验中的"利益冲突" 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
张新庆 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2005,26(5):26-27
基因治疗临床试验中的"利益冲突"问题多聚焦在如何规范利益冲突的不良后果上,却忽视了一些更基本的问题,如临床试验中的不同"利益",利益冲突的表现及防范等.以基因治疗为例,归纳了临床试验中的不同利益和利益冲突形式,并指出"公开经济利益安排"是解决冲突的基本对策. 相似文献