全文获取类型
收费全文 | 908篇 |
免费 | 15篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 13篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 30篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 19篇 |
2013年 | 42篇 |
2012年 | 5篇 |
2011年 | 6篇 |
2010年 | 9篇 |
2009年 | 47篇 |
2008年 | 71篇 |
2007年 | 73篇 |
2006年 | 57篇 |
2005年 | 71篇 |
2004年 | 55篇 |
2003年 | 57篇 |
2002年 | 58篇 |
2001年 | 39篇 |
2000年 | 58篇 |
1999年 | 39篇 |
1998年 | 32篇 |
1997年 | 33篇 |
1996年 | 21篇 |
1995年 | 20篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有925条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
131.
Epistemic naturalism holds that the results or methodologies from the cognitive sciences are relevant to epistemology, and
some have maintained that scientific methods are more compatible with externalist theories of justification than with internalist
theories. But practically all discussions about naturalized epistemology are framed exclusively in terms of cognitive psychology,
which is only one of the cognitive sciences. The question addressed in this essay is whether a commitment to naturalism really
does favor externalism over internalism, and we offer reasons for thinking that naturalism in epistemology is compatible with
both internalist and externalist conceptions of justification. We also argue that there are some distinctively internalist
aims that are currently being studied scientifically and these notions, and others, should be studied by scientific methods.
This essay is dedicated to Deborah Mayo, who has long advocated using error statistical techniques to analyze and resolve
epistemological puzzles in the philosophy of science. This essay follows the same spirit by advocating that computational
concepts and techniques be applied within the heart of traditional, analytic epistemology. 相似文献
132.
Tomoyuki Yamada 《Synthese》2008,165(2):295-315
In this paper, illocutionary acts of commanding will be differentiated from perlocutionary acts that affect preferences of
addressees in a new dynamic logic which combines the preference upgrade introduced in DEUL (dynamic epistemic upgrade logic) by van Benthem and Liu with the deontic update introduced in ECL II (eliminative command logic II) by Yamada. The resulting logic will incorporate J. L. Austin’s distinction between illocutionary
acts as acts having mere conventional effects and perlocutionary acts as acts having real effects upon attitudes and actions
of agents, and help us understand why saying so can make it so in explicit performative utterances. We will also discuss how
acts of commanding give rise to so-called “deontic dilemmas” and how we can accommodate most deontic dilemmas without triggering
so-called “deontic explosion”. 相似文献
133.
T. Allan Hillman 《Synthese》2008,163(2):245-261
While considerable ink has been spilt over the rejection of idealism by Bertrand Russell and G.E. Moore at the end of the
19th Century, relatively little attention has been directed at Russell’s A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz, a work written in the early stages of Russell’s philosophical struggles with the metaphysics of Bradley, Bosanquet, and
others. Though a sustained investigation of that work would be one of considerable scope, here I reconstruct and develop a
two-pronged argument from the Philosophy of Leibniz that Russell fancied—as late as 1907—to be the downfall of the traditional category of substance. Here, I suggest, one can
begin to see Russell’s own reasons—arguments largely independent of Moore—for the abandonment of idealism. Leibniz, no less
than Bradley, adhered to an antiquated variety of logic: what Russell refers to as the subject-predicate doctrine of logic.
Uniting this doctrine with a metaphysical principle of independence—that a substance is prior to and distinct from its properties—Russell
is able to demonstrate that neither a substance pluralism nor a substance monism can be consistently maintained. As a result,
Russell alleges that the metaphysics of both Leibniz and Bradley has been undermined as ultimately incoherent. Russell’s remedy
for this incoherence is the postulation of a bundle theory of substance, such that the category of “substance” reduces to
the most basic entities—properties. 相似文献
134.
William Craig 《Synthese》2008,164(3):321-332
A common aim of elimination problems for languages of logic is to express the entire content of a set of formulas of the language,
or a certain part of it, in a way that is more elementary or more informative. We want to bring out that as the languages
for logic grew in expressive power and, at the same time, our knowledge of their expressive limitations also grew, elimination
problems in logic underwent some change. For languages other than that for monadic second-order logic, there remain important
open problems. 相似文献
135.
136.
Procedural norms are instrumental norms addressed to agents playing a role in the normative system, for example to motivate these role playing agents to recognize violations or to apply sanctions. Procedural norms have first been discussed in law, where they address legal practitioners such as legislators, lawyers and policemen, but they are discussed now too in normative multiagent systems to motivate software agents. Procedural norms aim to achieve the social order specified using regulative norms like obligations and permissions, and constitutive norms like counts-as obligations. In this paper we formalize procedural, regulative and constitutive norms using input/output logic enriched with an agent ontology and an abstraction hierarchy. We show how our formalization explains Castelfranchi's notion of mutual empowerment, stating that not only the agents playing a role in a normative system are empowered by the normative system, but the normative system itself is also empowered by the agents playing a role in it. In our terminology, the agents are not only institutionally empowered, but they are also delegated normative goals from the system. Together, institutional empowerment and normative goal delegation constitute a mechanism which we call delegation of power, where agents acting on behalf of the normative system become in charge of recognizing which institutional facts follow from brute facts. 相似文献
137.
文章在扩展博弈上,给出了多值逻辑的语义赋值博弈的一般框架,避免了博弈者在多值逻辑的语义博弈中声明无穷对象的问题;然后通过Eloise赢的策略定义博弈的语义概念——赋值,证明了多值逻辑的博弈语义与Tarski语义是等价的;最后,根据语义赋值博弈框架对经典逻辑进行了博弈化。 相似文献
138.
We develop a functional abstraction principle for the type-free algorithmic logic introduced in our earlier work. Our approach
is based on the standard combinators but is supplemented by the novel use of evaluation trees. Then we show that the abstraction
principle leads to a Curry fixed point, a statement C that asserts C ⇒ A where A is any given statement. When A is false, such a C yields a paradoxical situation. As discussed in our earlier work, this situation leaves one no choice but to restrict the
use of a certain class of implicational rules including modus ponens. 相似文献
139.
Logics with the Qualitative Probability Operator 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ognjanovic Zoran; Perovic Aleksandar; Raskovic Miodrag 《Logic Journal of the IGPL》2008,16(2):105-120
The paper presents several strongly complete axiomatizationsof qualitative probability within the framework of probabilisticlogic. We show that in the proposed semantics qualitative probabilitiesare characterized by probability functions, so they also arecomparative probabilities. 相似文献
140.
浅谈医学科研思维的逻辑性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
医学科研思维过程中最重要的就是医学假说的提出、验证,推理和遵守逻辑思维的过程。它以抽象的概念、判断、推理为思维形式,通过分析、综合、比较、分类等多种逻辑思维方法进行操作,以达到它的最终目的。逻辑思维能力对于医学科研工作者是至关重要的,医学科研工作者应该不断加强逻辑修养,不断提升科研思维水准。 相似文献