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961.
Myduc L. Ta Stephen W. Marshall Jay S. Kaufman Dana Loomis Carri Casteel Kenneth C. Land 《American journal of community psychology》2009,44(3-4):249-260
This study examined socioeconomic factors associated with the presence of workplaces belonging to industries reported to be at high risk for worker homicide. The proportion of 2004 North Carolina workplaces in high-risk industries was computed following spatial linkage of individual workplaces to 2000 United States Census Block Groups (n = 3,925). Thirty census-derived socioeconomic variables (selected a priori as potentially predictive of violence) were summarized using exploratory factor analysis into poverty/deprivation, human/economic capital, and transience/instability. Multinomial logistic regression models indicate associations between higher proportion of workplaces belonging to high-risk industries and Block Groups with more poverty/deprivation or transience/instability and less human/economic capital. The relationship between human/economic capital and Block Groups proportion of high-risk industry workplaces was modified by levels of transience/instability. Community characteristics therefore contribute to the potential for workplace violence, and future research should continue to understand the relationship between social context and workplace violence risk. 相似文献
962.
Kostas A. Fanti Eric Vanman Christopher C. Henrich Marios N. Avraamides 《Aggressive behavior》2009,35(2):179-187
This study investigated the desensitization to violence over a short period of time. Participants watched nine violent movie scenes and nine comedy scenes, and reported whether they enjoyed the violent or comedy scenes and whether they felt sympathetic toward the victim of violence. Using latent growth modeling, analyses were carried out to investigate how participants responded to the different scenes across time. The findings of this study suggested that repeated exposure to media violence reduces the psychological impact of media violence in the short term, therefore desensitizing viewers to media violence. As a result, viewers tended to feel less sympathetic toward the victims of violence and actually enjoy more the violence portrayed in the media. Additionally, desensitization to media violence was better represented by a curvilinear pattern, whereas desensitization to comedy scenes was better represented by a linear pattern. Finally, trait aggression was not related to the pattern of change over time, although significant effects were found for initial reports of enjoyment and sympathy. Aggr. Behav. 35:179–187, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
963.
Michele Cooley-Strickland Tanya J. Quille Robert S. Griffin Elizabeth A. Stuart Catherine P. Bradshaw Debra Furr-Holden 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(2):127-156
Community violence is recognized as a major public health problem (WHO, World Report on Violence and Health,
2002) that Americans increasingly understand has adverse implications beyond inner-cities. However, the majority of research on
chronic community violence exposure focuses on ethnic minority, impoverished, and/or crime-ridden communities while treatment
and prevention focuses on the perpetrators of the violence, not on the youth who are its direct or indirect victims. School-based treatment and preventive interventions are needed for children at elevated risk for exposure to community violence.
In preparation, a longitudinal, community epidemiological study, The Multiple Opportunities to Reach Excellence (MORE) Project, is being fielded to address some of the methodological weaknesses presented in previous studies. This study was designed
to better understand the impact of children’s chronic exposure to community violence on their emotional, behavioral, substance
use, and academic functioning with an overarching goal to identify malleable risk and protective factors which can be targeted
in preventive and intervention programs. This paper describes the MORE Project, its conceptual underpinnings, goals, and methodology,
as well as implications for treatment and preventive interventions and future research. 相似文献
964.
Christina W. Hoven Cristiane S. Duarte Ping Wu Thao Doan Navya Singh Donald J. Mandell Fan Bin Yona Teichman Meir Teichman Judith Wicks George Musa Patricia Cohen 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(2):95-112
Children’s reactions after being exposed to mass violence may be influenced by a spectrum of factors. Relatively unexplored
is the extent to which family exposure to mass violence may affect child mental health, even when these children have not
been directly exposed. In a representative sample of NYC public school children assessed 6 months after the September 11,
2001 attack on the World Trade Center (WTC), seemingly elevated rates of psychopathology were recorded among children of WTC
evacuees. Children of NYC First Responders (police officers, EMTs, and fire fighters) displayed a complex pattern of response
to the WTC attack. Overall, the findings from this previous study support putative transmission of trauma to children whose
parents were exposed to the WTC attack. The “Children of First Responder and WTC Evacuee Study”—a two-site longitudinal study—is
currently underway in the United States (New York City) and in Israel (Tel Aviv area) in an effort to understand the impact
of different patterns of mass violence. The NYC sample permits us to examine the impact of a rare instance of mass violence
(e.g., WTC attack), while the Israeli sample provides information about repeated and frequent exposure to mass violence brought
about by acts of terrorism. In addition, children’s exposure to mass violence is considered in the context of their exposure
to other potentially traumatic events. This study aims to improve our general understanding of the impact of mass violence
on children, especially the psychological effects on children whose parents’ work experiences are by nature stressful. Knowledge
generated by this study has implications for guiding efforts to meet the needs of children who have, directly or through a
family member, been subjected to rare or infrequent mass violent event as well as to children whose exposure to mass violence
is part of daily life. 相似文献
965.
E. Mark Cummings Mona El-Sheikh Chrystyna D. Kouros Joseph A. Buckhalt 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(1):3-15
Exposure to marital psychological and physical abuse has been established as a risk factor for children’s socio-emotional,
behavioral, and cognitive problems. Understanding the processes by which children develop symptoms of psychopathology and
deficits in cognitive functioning in the context of marital aggression is imperative for developing efficient and effective
treatment programs for children and families, and has far-reaching mental health implications. The present paper outlines
our research program, Child Regulation and Exposure to Marital Aggression, which focuses on children’s emotional and physiological reactivity and regulation as pathways in the marital aggression–child
development link. Findings from our research program, which highlight the importance of children’s regulatory processes for
understanding children’s adjustment in contexts of intimate partner violence, are presented, and future directions in this
line of inquiry are outlined. 相似文献
966.
E. Mark Cummings Marcie C. Goeke-Morey Alice C. Schermerhorn Christine E. Merrilees Ed Cairns 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(1):16-38
The effects on children of political violence are matters of international concern, with many negative effects well-documented.
At the same time, relations between war, terrorism, or other forms of political violence and child development do not occur
in a vacuum. The impact can be understood as related to changes in the communities, families and other social contexts in
which children live, and in the psychological processes engaged by these social ecologies. To advance this process-oriented
perspective, a social ecological model for the effects of political violence on children is advanced. This approach is illustrated
by findings and methods from an ongoing research project on political violence and children in Northern Ireland. Aims of this
project include both greater insight into this particular context for political violence and the provision of a template for
study of the impact of children’s exposure to violence in other regions of the world. Accordingly, the applicability of this
approach is considered for other social contexts, including (a) another area in the world with histories of political violence
and (b) a context of community violence in the US. 相似文献
967.
Based on 37 articles published in international refereed journals between 1995 and 2006, this meta-analytical review attempted to study the sequel of children living with family violence. It specifically attempted to identify the overall effect size of family violence on children's adjustment outcomes. Moderators that exerted their effects on the relationship were also studied. The overall effect size generated from the 353 study-level effect sizes was rather small (Zr = .201). Moderating analysis on study designs, sample sources, child developmental stages and gender did not show significant heterogeneity in effect sizes, while there was significant dispersion in effect sizes among different types of child adjustment outcomes. Results of this study are basically resonant with the meta-analyses of Kitzmann et al. [Kitzmann, K. M., Gaylord, N. K., Holt, A. R., & Kenny, E. D., (2003). Child witnesses to domestic violence: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 339–352] and Wolfe et al. [Wolfe, D. A., Crooks, C. V., Lee, V., McIntyre-Smith, A., & Jaffe, P. G., (2003). The effects of children's exposure to domestic violence: A meta-analysis and critique. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 6, 171–187], but add new information in that the report source of family violence was not a significant moderator, while that of child adjustment outcomes was. 相似文献
968.
Recent news reports have focused attention on dramatic instances of workplace violence—extreme acts of aggression in work settings. It is suggested here that such actions, while both tragic and frightening, are only a small part of a much larger problem of workplace aggression—efforts by individuals to harm others with whom they work or the organizations in which they are employed. The present study investigated two major hypotheses with respect to such aggression: 1) contrary to what media reports suggest, most aggression occurring in work settings is verbal, indirect, and passive rather than physical, direct, and active; 2) recent changes in many organizations (e.g., downsizing, increased workforce diversity) have generated conditions that may contribute to the occurrence of workplace aggression. A survey of 178 employed persons provided partial support for both predictions. Verbal and passive forms of aggression were rated as more frequent by participants than physical and active forms of aggression. In addition, the greater the extent to which several changes had occurred recently in participants' organizations, the greater the incidence of workplace aggression they reported. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
969.
A detailed coding system was constructed to study the frequency and salience of aggression in TV programs broadcast on Finnish television. Salience of aggression was measured by the brutality index which consisted of ratings concerning the (1) program context, (2) seriousness, (3) justification, and (4) dramatization of aggressive acts. When compared to previous studies of TV-violence, the rate of aggression in Finnish TV was moderate with 3.5 aggressive acts per program hour. Only 14% of aggressive acts portrayed brutal aggression, which was mostly seen in fictional films and serials. A clear 9 pm watershed was not seen in Finland, since aggressive acts were distributed quite evenly during the TV time. Aggressiveness of a program was not related to its popularity among viewers. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. ©1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
970.
本研究采用问卷法对1041名初一中学生进行调查,考察了结交越轨同伴在社区暴力暴露与青少年外化问题行为关系间的中介作用,以及该过程是否受母子关系和/或父子关系的调节。结果发现:(1)在控制了年龄、性别、亲子关系、父母受教育水平、家庭类型、家庭人均月收入后,社区暴力暴露对初中生外化问题行为仍具有显著的正向预测作用;(2)社区暴力暴露不仅可以直接正向预测青少年外化问题行为,还可以通过结交越轨同伴而间接预测初中生外化问题行为;(3)母子关系显著调节社区暴力暴露对结交越轨同伴的影响,而父子关系显著调节结交越轨同伴对初中生外化问题行为的影响。 相似文献