被拆迁者拆迁过程的心理定性分析

研究采用定性分析的方法,旨在探索我国被拆迁者在拆迁过程中的心理特征。通过对杭州下沙经济开发区的110名被拆迁者进行访谈、资料分析,从而对他们在拆迁过程中的意识和行为进行剖析。结果主要从心理状态、拆迁意识、拆迁计划、自我调节、社会支持和满意度6个方面来探讨拆迁者的心理过程。     

萨提尔家庭治疗模式评析

萨提尔家庭治疗模式是建立在经验人本理论基础之上的。她认为人类本身具有成长改变的能量,症状行为是对误入歧途的适应性努力,而不是人的固有的个性特征。为此,她逐渐拓展了自我价值、家庭系统的内涵,形成了沟通姿态、转化历程等核心理念,并开发出一系列生动实用的干预技术。萨提尔家庭治疗模式具有独特的优越性。     

移民文化适应的研究趋势

移民现象在各地的日益普及化和复杂化, 使文化适应研究变得日益重要, 并呈现出新的研究趋势。在理论模型方面, 从横断面研究向过程研究转变, 并提出相应的几种过程机制模型, 而研究对象则从笼统性范畴向具体化的群际与代际取向发展, 同时探讨不同情境的影响作用, 并关注移民文化适应与人格特征、学术成就和心理健康的关系。而对过程变量的进一步验证, 研究方法的完善及研究成果的普及化等问题则是以后研究中的急需解决的问题。同时如何把相关的研究与我国的城市化、区域流动等问题结合, 也是未来研究的主要趋向。     

自我缺损与精神分裂症

精神分裂症与自我改变的密切关系已经得到了广大研究者的认可。但是, 关于自我在精神分裂症患者中会发生何种变化并对疾病产生何种影响, 目前还没有全面、明确的理解。这篇文章综述了不同学科关于自我的研究, 提出可以从主导感、自我面孔识别、自我参照过程这三个部分来考察精神分裂症的自我缺损, 并回顾了自我这三个成分的相关研究, 分别考察了其对于精神分裂症研究的意义。本综述为全面评估自我缺损与精神分裂症的关系提供了思路。     

Understanding the role of hope in counselling: Exploring the intentional uses of hope

In this paper we look at various conceptual models of hope and research evidence for the integral role that hope plays in counselling. We recognize hope as a dynamic process during which counsellor and client interact in ways that can be mutually influencing and we review research that explores this reciprocal process. A model for the intentional use of hope in counselling that recognizes both implicit and explicit approaches is offered. Metaphors for hope-work that position and re-position both counsellor and client in ways that may foster hope are explored. Finally, we provide suggestions for initiating conversations in which hope can be an explicit therapeutic focus.     

The reasoning skills and thinking dispositions of problem gamblers: a dual‐process taxonomy

We present a taxonomy that categorizes the types of cognitive failure that might result in persistent gambling. The taxonomy subsumes most previous theories of gambling behavior, and it defines three categories of cognitive difficulties that might lead to gambling problems: The autonomous set of systems (TASS) override failure, missing TASS output, and mindware problems. TASS refers to the autonomous set of systems in the brain (which are executed rapidly and without volition, are not under conscious control, and are not dependent on analytic system output). Mindware consists of rules, procedures, and strategies available for explicit retrieval. Seven of the eight tasks administered to pathological gamblers, gamblers with subclinical symptoms, and control participants were associated with problem gambling, and five of the eight were significant predictors in analyses that statistically controlled for age and cognitive competence. In a commonality analysis, an indicator from each of the three categories of cognitive difficulties explained significant unique variance in problem gambling, indicating that each of the categories had some degree of predictive specificity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

医院积极处理医疗投诉的意义与实施方法

医疗投诉往往是医疗纠纷的雏形,消极处理可能使矛盾激化,让医院和患者成为对立的双方,由此增加了问题解决的难度和成本。医院积极对待处理医疗投诉具有积极意义,在降低投诉处理难度和成本的同时,也很好的塑造了医院的社会形象。同时阐述了其积极应对的措施。     

Team allegiance can lead to both optimistic and pessimistic predictions

Although team allegiance is usually associated with optimistic predictions about team performance, the authors hypothesized that preferences for one’s group can also lead to pessimistic predictions. Upon arrival to the laboratory, groups of four participants were split into teams of two based on bogus criteria. Participants were informed that their teammate would compete against a member of the other team in a trivia game consisting of both easy (e.g., “pop culture”) and hard (e.g., “50’s movies”) categories. They provided likelihood estimates regarding outcomes for each category. As predicted, team allegiance inflated participants’ optimism about their teammate winning the easy categories, but deflated optimism about their teammate winning the hard categories. Path analyses supported the proposed account indicating that preferences for a teammate to win led to an enhanced focus on the teammate’s strengths and weaknesses (and neglect of the strengths and weaknesses of the other competitor).     

Effects of perceived criticism on anxiety and depression during behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders

The present study explored the effect of perceived criticism (PC) on levels of anxiety and depression during behavioral treatment among patients diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA). We posited that patients' perceptions of relatives' criticism and the degree to which they were upset by the criticism (UC) would be related to negative affect and discomfort during exposure. The sample included 75 patients with a primary diagnosis of OCD (n=43) or PDA (n=32) and their participating relatives. Measures of patients' weekly ratings of PC and upset about the criticism, anxious and depressed mood, and subjective discomfort during exposure treatment were analyzed using a mixed model regression approach (SAS Proc Mixed). Patients' anxious and depressed mood predicted greater discomfort during exposure. Patients who were more UC also had higher weekly ratings of anxiety and depression, and more discomfort during exposure sessions. Findings suggest that treatment outcome may be improved by attention to patients' reactions to their interpersonal environment.