Influence du leadership habilitant sur le bien-être au travail et l’engagement organisationnel : étude comparative entre une organisation « habilitante » et une organisation « classique »

This article presents a comparative study between two types of organizations in order to examine the influence of the empowering leadership style on employee's well-being and affective commitment. Based on a questionnaire filled-in by 428 employees, the results highlight the positive effect of empowering leadership on the collaborator's affective commitment, through a partial mediation of the well-being. Contrary to our expectations, this effect is not stronger within the “empowering” organization compared to the “classic” one. The identification of the specific effects of each four dimensions of empowering leadership brings some new theoretical insights and invites organizations to promote managerial practices relying on meaning at work and trust.     

Reliable measurement in sport psychology: The case of performance outcome measures

ObjectivesThe present research addresses a neglected aspect within the current Zeitgeist of improving methodological standards in (sport)psychology: reliable measurement. We discuss and highlight the importance of reliable measurement from different perspectives and empirically assess reliability of three commonly used performance outcome measures in order to give guidelines to researchers on how to increase reliability of measurements of performance outcomes.MethodIn three studies we estimate 5 different reliability coefficients for three performance outcome measures based on 14 golf putts (study 1; N = 100), 14 dart throws (study 2; N = 200; 100 sports students; 100 non-sports students) and 14 free throws in basketball (study 3; N = 192; 100 non-basketball players; 92 basketball players).ResultsThe highest reliability was the odd-even reliability for darts for the whole sample (0.888), followed by golf putts (0.714 for distance from the hole, 0.614 for successful putts) and free throws (0.504 non-basketball players; 0.62 for basketball players; and 0.826 for whole sample).ConclusionsBased on theoretical considerations and our empirical findings we give practical guidelines to improve reliability for performance outcome measures in sport psychology.     

Researching self-help/mutual aid groups and organizations: Many roads, one journey

Self-help and mutual help groups are defined and the status of the literature described and reviewed. Self-help groups are different from peer and nonprofessional services under the supervision of professionals. Controlled studies of mutual help groups may be neither possible nor desirable as the method of choice by which to understand the phenomena of interest. Other approaches to research, including worldly evaluations, and ways of construing self-help organizations, that is, as normative communities and political action organizations rather than as psychological treatments, are discussed, and suggestions for future research are presented.     

Characteristics and rules of college English education based on cognitive process simulation

Metacognition is a process of self-cognition and self-thinking based on self-reflection, control, evaluation and regulation to achieve continuous cognition of individuals. Metacognition plays a very important role in coordination and guidance in college English education. Therefore, in this paper, the characteristics and rules of college English education were studied based on the cognitive process simulation. First of all, the basic theory of metacognition and the advantages and methods applied to English teaching were expounded. Then, a mathematical model was set up for college oral English teaching, and how to improve oral pronunciation for oral learners by quantitative and effective evaluation was discussed. After that, targeted information evaluation results were provided, and the algorithm was optimized and improved. Finally, by using computer aided technology and metacognitive method, the effect of oral English teaching was simulated and tested. The results show that the results of this study provide a useful exploration for improving the effectiveness of college English education and have good application value.     

Government accounting optimization based on computational linguistics

The level of moral development and moral intensity in cognitive psychology will not only affect the ethical behavior of accountants, but also have a direct impact on the quality and level of accounting work. Therefore, in this paper, the ethical behavior of accountants was analyzed from the perspective of cognitive psychology. Computer-aided data mining techniques were introduced, and government accounting risk assessment management of financial accountants was studied. In this paper, the principle of cognitive psychology to measure the ethical level of accountants was first described. The predicament of moral judgments was analyzed and an optimization plan to improve the ethical intention of accountants was proposed. Support Vector Machine classification technology in data mining was studied to explore how to conduct effective and reliable evaluation, so as to provide a scientific basis for decision-making in improving accounting management. After the simulation experiment, it is proved that continuously improving the ethical standards of accountants and strengthening the forecast of accounting risks can continue to optimize the accounting office management.     

论2023版伦理审查办法中受试者权利保护政策与现状

受试者的权利保护是人体试验活动中最核心的伦理和法律问题。国内外法律法规对受试者权利的保护作出了若干规定。基于最新颁布的《涉及人的生命科学和医学研究伦理审查办法》,从受试者的生命健康权、知情权与自主决定权、隐私权、获得补偿与赔偿权四个方面,梳理我国医学科学研究中受试者权利保护的政策和现状,发现存在法律体系不健全、制度落实有差距、行政监管不到位等问题。建议完善受试者权利保护的法律体系,加大行政监管力度,建立起受试者全方位保护的网络。

     

Anticipating Alternative National and Regional Futures in Energy Efficiency

Thirty-five stakeholder representatives and six observers from thirty organizations, interested in anticipating the adoption of energy efficiency for the Pacific Northwest, identified and described one hundred and seventy-eight national and regional trends extending to the year 2015 impacting energy efficiency, and proposed more than ninety actions for addressing these trends at the regional level. The representatives were engaged in a collaborative action planning workshop that was facilitated with the CogniScope methodology founded in the systems sciences. Convergence was achieved on eight highly influential actions as the highest priority.     

Hemiretinal differences in face recognition: accuracy versus reaction time

A face-recognition task involving monocular presentation of laterally displaced stimuli yielded a nasal hemiretinal advantage for reaction time for correct identifications, but a temporal hemiretinal advantage for accuracy (d'). These hemiretinal effects, in conjunction with eye dominance, could in principle distort or obscure interpretations of hemispheric processing differences obtained with binocular stimulation.     

Academics’ motivations explain time-allocation and well-being at work

Introduction

Little is known about the determinants of Faculty members’ well-being and the temporal distribution of academics activities (research, teaching, and collective tasks). We linked well-being in the sense of PERMA (Seligman, 2011) to an inventory of academics’ motives and to measures of relative involvement in work activities.