西方德育课程思想演变的基本理路

西方德育课程思想历史发展呈现出一种辩证否定的自然历史发展过程,探讨西方德育课程思想发展的历史演变,分析其基本特征和局限,对我国当前思想道德建设,特别是学校思想道德教育,具有重要的借鉴和启示价值。     

中学生英语阅读能力结构及其发展初探

本研究选择上海有代表性的三类学校、三类初级中学初一至高三六个年级的４８１７人次的学生进行了英语阅读能力测试。因素分析的结构表明,涉及中学生英语阅读能力结构因素,在词、词组、句子方面有：词的外部、内部解码;词组的搭配;词义、词组辨析;句型辨认;句子意义理解;词句在语境中的理解应用以及语法掌握等。     

Knowledge junkies or careerbuilders? A mixed-methods approach to exploring the determinants of students' intention to earn a PhD

What are the determinants of students' interest in earning a PhD? In this study, we use a mixed-methods approach to pursue this question. Based on qualitative interview data, we develop a model in which academic motivation and academic achievement interact with contextual factors such as working conditions to influence career intentions. We then test this model using a sample of 229 students currently enrolled in master-level courses of study at a German university. Our results speak to the role of intrinsic versus extrinsic motivations in the context of PhD intentions. In contrast to our expectations, results suggest that while intrinsic life aspirations and the intellectual challenge of gaining a PhD play a significant role for students' intention to pursue a PhD, extrinsic life aspirations and contextual determinants seem to be less influential. Furthermore, results highlight the importance of gaining familiarity and experience with academic work for students' career decisions.     

The effect of stereotype threat on student-athlete math performance

ObjectivesTo assess whether a subtle stereotype threat of student-athletes would cause a decrease in both academic effort and performance.DesignA 2 (Male/Female) x 2 (Athlete Prime/No Athlete Prime) design was used to assess effort and performance on a math test.MethodA subtle threat manipulation was used to prime half of 60 NCAA Division III student-athletes with their athletic identity prior to taking a difficult math test.ResultsSupporting the hypotheses, student-athletes who were primed with their athletic identity attempted significantly fewer problems and received lower mean math scores than those who were not primed. Contrary to hypotheses, gender did not impact effort or performance, and there was no evidence of buffering effects of priming non-athlete identities.ConclusionsThe results of this experiment provide evidence for stereotype threat effects across genders and into Division III athletes, which potentially impact student-athlete academic performance.     

生态化微表情识别测验EMERT的建立——对JACBART微表情识别测验的改进与发展

经典JACBART微表情识别测验只考察平静表情背景下微表情识别,生态效度不高。本研究创建生态化微表情识别测验,考察所有7种基本表情背景下的6种微表情识别特征。结果发现:(1)该测验具有良好的重测信度、校标效度和生态效度,能够稳定有效地测量生态化微表情识别。(2)信效度检验揭示了生态化微表情识别特征。某些生态化微表情识别存在训练效应。生态化微表情与经典微表情或普通表情普遍相关。恐惧、悲伤、厌恶、愤怒微表情背景主效应显著;惊讶和愉快微表情背景主效应不显著,成对比较发现各背景下惊讶/愉快微表情差异不显著,但是与普通表情有广泛的显著差异。用不同背景下微表情识别正确率的标准差定义生态化微表情识别波动,发现生态化微表情识别具有稳定的波动性。     

北京农村4-6岁幼儿性格发展与家庭教育关系的调查研究

本文研究家庭教育方式对农村4—6岁儿童性格发展的影响。采用问卷调查,要求幼儿园教师和家长分别对儿童的性格特点评分,并要求家长对家庭教育方式评分。结果表明,儿童的一些优良性格品质与父母的某些良好的教育方式有密切关系;在调查的性格特征上,没有发现独生与非独生予女之间有明显差别;教师和家长对儿童的评分之间有高度相关,说明本调查信度是高的。     

不同背景信息监狱警察心理素质分析

目的:探讨监狱警察心理素质的现状与发展变化规律。方法:在访谈的基础上,采用卡特尔十六项人格因素问卷对1195名监狱警察做心理素质测查。结果:男监狱警察的人格特征表现为“7高8低”,女监狱警察的人格特征表现为“5高7低”;不同行政职级、文化程度及工作岗位的监狱警察在16个人格特征的6个方面存在差异;心理健康得分低于12分者占1.96%。结论:监狱警察心理素质较为良好;不同背景信息监狱警察心理素质存在差异性与共同性;监狱警察情绪显著不稳定者占1.96%。     

Who Are the Next Generation of Genetic Counselors? A Survey of Students

Genetic counseling students were surveyed about their backgrounds, application process to genetic counseling programs, and career motivations and plans. Program directors from 27 accredited programs were asked to distribute 362 surveys to students. Fifty-two survey items assess demographics; sources of support for pursuing a genetic counseling career (information about genetic counseling, encouragement/discouragement from others); career motivations (reasons for applying and for becoming a genetic counselor); and career certainty. Two hundred and thirty-five usable surveys were returned (64.9% usable return rate). Most respondents were Caucasian females (mean age = 25.4 years). About 13% identified as ethnic minorities, and about one-third reported family histories of a genetic condition(s). Most respondents learned about the field in classes, and most were strongly encouraged by family and friends to pursue genetic counseling. Reasons rated as most important for becoming a genetic counselor included helping others and intellectual stimulation. Recruitment, training, and research recommendations are given.     

收益—风险并存情境中海洛因戒除者的行为冲动性

以64名男性生理脱瘾后处于不同康复阶段的海洛因戒除者和30名男性无毒品依赖行为的社会招募人员为被试,采用Iowa赌博任务探讨了收益-风险并存情境中海洛因戒除者的冲动性行为模式。结果发现,相对于正常人群,海洛因戒除者表现出"即时收益优先"的决策模式和对高风险的耐受性,且该特征不随戒除期的延长而改善。该研究为解释海洛因戒除者不顾其潜在的严重不利后果仍维持其复吸行为的现象提供了实验证据。