其它可能原因的呈现方式在因果判断中的作用

研究使用不同方式呈现了其它可能原因,研究了这种不同的呈现方式对被试使用共变信息和经验信息进行因果判断的影响。研究结果表明:(1)其它可能原因的呈现方式对于因果判断有着一定的影响。当这一信息在待判断原因与结果的共变中出现、且永远存在时,被试会排除这一其它可能原因的作用,从而增强判断的信心;(2)当其它可能原因出现于待判断原因与结果的共变中、且永远存在时,被试会在一定程度上忽视经验信息的作用,更多地依赖共变信息做出判断。     

治疗目标定位与临床决策

治病如用兵,治疗皮肤病亦一样。临床实践中,许多皮肤科医生忽略了皮肤病的病机治疗,导致了起效慢、疗效差、病程迁延的结果。皮肤病的治疗应包括病因治疗、病机治疗、症状治疗、支持辅助治疗,四者缺一不可、协同互补;应用中可根据疾病矛盾的转化,分清先后主次,灵活调整组合,即运筹帷幄,辨证施治,辨病、辨症、辨药、辨方,“以正合取奇胜”,以求取得最快、最好、最稳定持久的疗效。     

国外心理咨询师职业耗竭研究现状

职业耗竭是学术界关注的一个新热点,国外心理咨询师的职业耗竭问题也得到了比较系统的研究.通过回顾国外相关研究,从心理咨询师职业耗竭的发生率、影响因素、症状特点、职业易感性等几个方面进行总结,尝试提出干预意见,并对未来研究趋势进行展望.     

消费者健康促进行为的类型及形成机制

消费者健康促进行为是以促进个体身心健康为目标的消费行为, 主要包括食品消费、医疗消费、体育消费、旅游消费以及文化消费等类型。消费者健康促进行为的影响因素包括本因与近因。本因关注人类进化心理的影响, 表现为趋利避害的倾向; 近因则反映了现实性因素的影响。其中, 近因中的现实性影响主要从以下几个视角展开：生命历程视角关注童年期家庭经历对后续消费行为的累积影响; 生态机制探讨个体所处生态系统的层层渗透作用; 动力机制则阐述了健康驱力的内部形成过程。文章最后, 我们构建了消费者健康促进行为形成的综合模型, 并指出了未来的研究方向。     

Resisting Explanation

Although explanation is widely regarded as an important concept in the study of rational inquiry, it remains largely unexplored outside the philosophy of science. This, I believe, is not due to oversight as much as to institutional resistance. In analytic philosophy it is basic that epistemic rationality is a function of justification and that justification is a function of argument. Explanation, however, is not argument nor is belief justification its function. I argue here that the task of incorporating explanation into the theory of rational inquiry poses a serious challenge to our basic concept of epistemic rationality as well as the a priori method of inquiry that still lies at the heart of analytic philosophy. Specifically, it pushes us toward a much stronger form of naturalism than is generally thought necessary, one in which argument and explanation are recognized as distinct and equally fundamental cognitive processes whose dynamic relationship is one of the central issues in the theory of rationality.     

Three indications for the existence of God in causal metaphysics

With the emergence of modern physics a conflict became apparent between the Principle of Sufficient Cause and the Principle of Physical Causal Closure. Though these principles are not logically incompatible, they could no longer be considered to be both true; one of them had to be false. The present paper makes use of this seldom noticed conflict to argue on the basis of considerations of comparative rationality for the truth of causal statements that have at least some degree of philosophico-theological relevance and can be taken to indicate (not prove) the existence of God. The paper’s comparatively modest aim is to establish belief in the existence of God as a rational metaphysical option, not as a rational obligation. In its final section, enriched causal considerations lead to an indication (not proof) of God as that which guarantees the unified continuance of the physical world.     

‘Bound in a nutshell’: Thoughts on complexity,reductionism, and ‘infinite space’1

Pluralism is the hallmark of 21st century psychoanalytic discourse. Nevertheless, an unpleasant byproduct of pluralism is a tendency in some quarters to retreat into orthodoxy, stemming from a perceived need to shore up theoretical boundaries in the service of differentiating one theory from another. The delineation of borders places us at a risk of losing sight of the fact that genuine psychoanalytic thinking is fundamentally non‐reductionistic. Moreover, the core psychoanalytic notion of overdetermination, which Freud never abandoned throughout his career, has recently been neglected as authors argue in their communications that one point of view is better than another. Both analysts and their patients secretly are drawn to simple formulations that eschew complexity. The need to remain open to the ‘infinite space’ of meaning, motive, and causation should be a hallmark of clinical psychoanalytic practice. The author considers the implications for technique, and provides case material to illustrate some of the challenges inherent in approaching psychoanalytic work as a complex phenomenon.     

自闭症的性别差异及其与认知神经功能障碍的关系

儿童自闭症的发病率男性高于女性,已在世界各国的研究者中形成共识。自闭症患者在行为障碍,言语障碍和智力特征上的性别差异较为显著。这种性别差异的原因,显示自闭症的发症有其基因变异,以及神经生物学遗传因素所存在。神经生物学的障碍与自闭症儿童的认知神经功能障碍具有密切的对应关系。理解自闭症发生机制中的性别差异问题,对于探究自闭症的病因学,以及在今后诊断工具的开发和自闭症儿童的治疗、教育过程中,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

精诚合一:医学哲学事业的永恒主题

医学哲学事业的价值在于发现并弘扬医学的基本精神。“精诚合一”是医学亘古不变的基本精神。当代医学哲学研究的任务是揭示医学的“精诚合一”特征及其深刻内涵,注重“精”与“诚”的有机结合,批判现实医疗活动和理论研究在“精”、“诚”问题上的片面,弘扬医学的基本精神。