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141.
Ethical Theory and Moral Practice - Three distinct but related questions can be asked about the meaningfulness of one’s life. The first is ‘What is the meaning of life?,’ which... 相似文献
142.
John H. Whittaker 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2008,63(1-3):103-129
As an illustration of what Phillips called the “heterogeneity of sense,” this essay concentrates on differences in what is
meant by a “reason for belief.” Sometimes saying that a belief is reasonable simply commends the belief’s unquestioned acceptance
as a part of what we understand as a sensible outlook. Here the standard picture of justifying truth claims on evidential
grounds breaks down; and it also breaks down in cases of fundamental moral and religious disagreement, where the basic beliefs
that we hold affect our conception of what counts as a reliable ground of judgment. Phillips accepts the resultant variations
in our conceptions of rational judgment as a part of logic, just as Wittgenstein did. All objective means of determining the truth or falsity of an assertion presume some underlying conceptual agreement about what counts
as good judgment. This means that the possibility of objective justification is limited. But no pernicious relativism results
from this view, for as Wittgenstein said, “After reason comes persuasion.” There is, moreover, a non-objective criterion of
sorts in the moral and religious requirement that one be able to live with one’s commitments. In such cases, good judgment
is still possible, but it differs markedly from the standard model of making rational inferences. 相似文献
143.
Jens Rowold 《Pastoral Psychology》2008,56(4):403-411
Over the last 20 years, researchers and practitioners have become increasingly interested in the transactional–transformational
leadership paradigm. However, only a few studies have tested the validity of this approach to leadership concerning Christian
pastors. Thus, two studies were conducted in Germany that explored the effect of transactional and transformational leadership
of pastors on several outcome criteria. The results revealed that transformational leadership was positively associated with
followers’ satisfaction with their pastor, their extra effort, their effectiveness, and their job satisfaction. In addition
to this effect on followers, transformational leadership showed positive effects on worshipers’ satisfaction with the worship
service. Implications of these results for theory and practice are discussed.
相似文献
Jens RowoldEmail: |
144.
In this paper, we present a critical examination of the literature on subjective person-organization (P-O) fit and highlight several conceptual and measurement issues that may be perpetuating confusion in this literature. Specifically, we reviewed 46 empirical studies that have measured P-O fit perceptions and identified three primary sources of inconsistency among these studies, including (a) how P-O fit is conceptualized, (b) the operational definition of ‘organization,’ and (c) the content domain used to assess P-O fit. We discuss several implications of this review, including the potential role that individual differences play in fit perceptions. We also make a case for the development and adoption of uniform, validated measures of P-O fit that incorporate the multidimensional nature of fit. 相似文献
145.
Ann Pearman 《Journal of Adult Development》2009,16(2):101-107
While the nature of memory complaints during older adulthood has been studied extensively, the meaning of subjective memory
concerns in younger adults has not been fully addressed. Using a sample of 95 younger adults, this study examined the role
of personality, health, and depression in predicting objective and subjective memory. For objective memory, openness and self-rated
health were unique predictors. For subjective memory ability, only self-rated health was predictive. Finally, similar to studies
with older adults, neuroticism and conscientiousness were predictive of both perceived frequency of forgetting and global
memory. Using subjective memory concerns as an indicator of actual memory functioning may be inappropriate given the extent
to which personality traits and health predict memory concerns. 相似文献
146.
Typical patterns of general subjective well-being (SWB) were searched for in a representative longitudinal sample of Swedish
women (N = 272) at age 43 and 49. Cluster analysis at each age separately resulted in a six-cluster solution at both ages. The two
solutions were similar, indicating structural stability across 6 years. Five of the six clusters also showed significant individual
stability. Among these clusters, a generalized positive typical pattern and two generalized negative typical patterns were
found, one characterized by very high negative affect and one characterized by very low global life satisfaction. A cluster
characterized by above average positive and negative affect was also found as well as one characterized by low positive affect.
A strong relationship was found between membership in an extreme cluster and the values in certain SWB-related variables,
supporting the validity of the typical patterns found. Further, it was shown that cluster membership contributed to the prediction
of some validation variables above the prediction achieved by using only SWB components entered as continuous variables, suggesting
the presence of interactions and nonlinearities in the SWB area. 相似文献
147.
Silvia R. Hepburn Thorsten Barnhofer J. Mark G. Williams 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2009,10(4):483-496
Most people believe that the future will bring them more good things than bad, and therefore have high hopes for the future
(MacLeod et al. Cogn Emot 10:69–85, 1996). However, many patients with mood disorders do not hold this positive belief about
the future. At the extreme, low expectations of positive outcomes in the future can lead to feelings of hopelessness (O’Connor
et al. Psychol Health Med 5:155–161, 2000). This paper aims to extend the literature on subjective probability of future events,
using a mood induction paradigm to examine the effects of transient mood change on perceived likelihood of future events in
a non-clinical community sample. Participants rated likelihood of future events from a standardized list and from their own
lives. Ratings were made in both normal and experimentally-induced positive or negative mood. Results show that self-generated
future events were perceived to be more likely than those from a standardized list, and that negative mood significantly biased
perceived likelihood of other-generated future events. Participants rating standardized list events saw positive outcomes
as less likely and negative outcomes as more likely in induced negative mood than they did in normal mood. Mood had no effect
on ratings of self-generated events. Possible directions for future research are discussed.
相似文献
Silvia R. HepburnEmail: |
148.
The Pleasant Life, the Engaged Life, and the Meaningful Life: What about the Balanced Life? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Martin Seligman, in his very popular book Authentic Happiness (Seligman 2002), argued that authentic happiness is derived from three major sets of experiences in life, namely experiencing pleasantness
regularly (the pleasant life), experiencing a high level of engagement in satisfying activities (the engaged life), and experiencing
a sense of connectedness to a greater whole (the meaningful life). In this paper, we maintain that balance in life contributes
significantly to subjective well-being. Balance contributes to subjective well-being because of the satisfaction limit that
people can derive from a single life domain. People have to be involved in multiple domains to satisfy the full spectrum of
human development needs. Different life domains tend to focus on different human developmental needs. More specifically, balance
contributes to subjective well-being because subjective well-being can only be attained when both survival and growth needs
are met. High levels of subjective well-being cannot be attained with satisfaction of basic needs or growth needs alone. Both
needs have to be met to induce subjective well-being. 相似文献
149.
To build a true conscious robot requires that a robot’s “brain” be capable of supporting the phenomenal consciousness as human’s
brain enjoys. Operational Architectonics framework through exploration of the temporal structure of information flow and inter-area
interactions within the network of functional neuronal populations [by examining topographic sharp transition processes in
the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) on the millisecond scale] reveals and describes the EEG architecture which is analogous
to the architecture of the phenomenal world. This suggests that the task of creating the “machine” consciousness would require
a machine implementation that can support the kind of hierarchical architecture found in EEG.
相似文献
Andrew A. FingelkurtsEmail: |
150.
Louis Narens 《Journal of mathematical psychology》2009,53(5):399-407
A new foundation is presented for the theory of subjective judgments of probability known in the psychological literature as “Support Theory”. It is based on new complementation operations that, unlike those of classical probability theory (set-theoretic complementation) and classical logic (negation), need not satisfy the principles of the Law of The Excluded Middle and the Law of Double Complementation. Interrelationships between the new complementation operations and the Kahneman and Tversky judgmental heuristic of availability are described. 相似文献