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121.
No published data addresses the longer-term sustainability of increases in well-being and adjustment derived from successful goal-striving. Although some theories and data suggest that such gains cannot be maintained, the sustainable happiness model [Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9, 111–131.] suggests that successful intentional activity can indeed bring about lasting gains. In the current study, the “freshman goals” sample studied by Sheldon and Houser-Marko (Study 1) [Sheldon, K. M., & Houser-Marko, L. (2001). Self-concordance, goal-attainment, and the pursuit of happiness: Can there be an upward spiral? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 152–165.] was revisited at the end of their senior year. Students who strove successfully during their freshman year, thereby enhancing their adjustment during that year, had maintained those gains three years later. Path modeling suggested that initial adjustment predicted subsequent goal-attainment which in turn predicted enhanced adjustment, combining recent theories concerning both the functional benefits of positive affect and the causes of sustainable gains in well-being. 相似文献
122.
Corinna E. Löckenhoff Angelina R. SutinLuigi Ferrucci Paul T. Costa Jr. 《Journal of research in personality》2008
This study examined the association between personality traits (as measured by the NEO-PI-R) and subjective ratings of mental and physical health (as measured by the SF-36) in two samples of older adults differing in health status (Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, BLSA, n = 393, vs. Medicare Primary and Consumer-Directed Care Demonstration, Medicare PCC, n = 648). The association between personality traits and subjective mental health did not differ significantly across samples. The association between personality and subjective physical health, however, was significantly stronger in the healthy BLSA sample than in the medically challenged Medicare PCC sample. Differences in health conditions and recent hospitalizations partially accounted for this effect. Lifespan developmental considerations and implications for the use of subjective health ratings as outcome measures in clinical studies are discussed. 相似文献
123.
Elvira Cicognani Cinzia Albanesi Bruna Zani 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2008,18(6):558-575
The study investigates the impact of residential context on stressful events and Subjective Well being (Emotional and Psychological) in young people living in a deprived geographical area, and the mediating role of personal (Self‐Efficacy) and social (Social Support, Sense of Community) variables. A questionnaire was submitted to 297 subjects (48.5% males): 203 adolescents (14–19 years old) and 94 young adults (20–27 years old), from different socio‐economic (SES) levels. Results confirm the significant impact of the residential context on youngsters' perceived residential quality, Stress and Subjective Well being outcomes; such effect partly differs according to participants' gender and age. Adolescents are less satisfied of their living context and enjoy lower well being than young adults. Social resources (Friend and Family Support) significantly buffer the effect of a deprived residential context of youngsters' Well being, whereas personal resources (Self‐Efficacy) directly increase Well being levels. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
124.
Stefan Heuser 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2008,11(1):3-13
In dialogue with the political philosophy of Hannah Arendt and Seyla Benhabib the author draws on the idea of a right to have rights and raises the question under which political conditions asylum can be a subjective right for political refugees. He argues that mere spontaneous acts of humanitarianism will not suffice to define the institutional commitments of liberal democracies in refugee policy. At the same time, no duty for any particular state to take up refugees can be derived from a right to have rights. The quest for institutional solutions for a timely migration and asylum policy will rather enhance the discourses on the self-understanding of liberal democracies. With a critical eye on German asylum legislation and legal practice, the author contends that it will be a task of any co-ordinated European right of asylum to define political persecution in relation to the first dimension of human rights in order to differentiate the right of asylum from immigration legislation. 相似文献
125.
Ethical Theory and Moral Practice - Three distinct but related questions can be asked about the meaningfulness of one’s life. The first is ‘What is the meaning of life?,’ which... 相似文献
126.
John H. Whittaker 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2008,63(1-3):103-129
As an illustration of what Phillips called the “heterogeneity of sense,” this essay concentrates on differences in what is
meant by a “reason for belief.” Sometimes saying that a belief is reasonable simply commends the belief’s unquestioned acceptance
as a part of what we understand as a sensible outlook. Here the standard picture of justifying truth claims on evidential
grounds breaks down; and it also breaks down in cases of fundamental moral and religious disagreement, where the basic beliefs
that we hold affect our conception of what counts as a reliable ground of judgment. Phillips accepts the resultant variations
in our conceptions of rational judgment as a part of logic, just as Wittgenstein did. All objective means of determining the truth or falsity of an assertion presume some underlying conceptual agreement about what counts
as good judgment. This means that the possibility of objective justification is limited. But no pernicious relativism results
from this view, for as Wittgenstein said, “After reason comes persuasion.” There is, moreover, a non-objective criterion of
sorts in the moral and religious requirement that one be able to live with one’s commitments. In such cases, good judgment
is still possible, but it differs markedly from the standard model of making rational inferences. 相似文献
127.
Jens Rowold 《Pastoral Psychology》2008,56(4):403-411
Over the last 20 years, researchers and practitioners have become increasingly interested in the transactional–transformational
leadership paradigm. However, only a few studies have tested the validity of this approach to leadership concerning Christian
pastors. Thus, two studies were conducted in Germany that explored the effect of transactional and transformational leadership
of pastors on several outcome criteria. The results revealed that transformational leadership was positively associated with
followers’ satisfaction with their pastor, their extra effort, their effectiveness, and their job satisfaction. In addition
to this effect on followers, transformational leadership showed positive effects on worshipers’ satisfaction with the worship
service. Implications of these results for theory and practice are discussed.
相似文献
Jens RowoldEmail: |
128.
In this paper, we present a critical examination of the literature on subjective person-organization (P-O) fit and highlight several conceptual and measurement issues that may be perpetuating confusion in this literature. Specifically, we reviewed 46 empirical studies that have measured P-O fit perceptions and identified three primary sources of inconsistency among these studies, including (a) how P-O fit is conceptualized, (b) the operational definition of ‘organization,’ and (c) the content domain used to assess P-O fit. We discuss several implications of this review, including the potential role that individual differences play in fit perceptions. We also make a case for the development and adoption of uniform, validated measures of P-O fit that incorporate the multidimensional nature of fit. 相似文献
129.
Ann Pearman 《Journal of Adult Development》2009,16(2):101-107
While the nature of memory complaints during older adulthood has been studied extensively, the meaning of subjective memory
concerns in younger adults has not been fully addressed. Using a sample of 95 younger adults, this study examined the role
of personality, health, and depression in predicting objective and subjective memory. For objective memory, openness and self-rated
health were unique predictors. For subjective memory ability, only self-rated health was predictive. Finally, similar to studies
with older adults, neuroticism and conscientiousness were predictive of both perceived frequency of forgetting and global
memory. Using subjective memory concerns as an indicator of actual memory functioning may be inappropriate given the extent
to which personality traits and health predict memory concerns. 相似文献
130.
Typical patterns of general subjective well-being (SWB) were searched for in a representative longitudinal sample of Swedish
women (N = 272) at age 43 and 49. Cluster analysis at each age separately resulted in a six-cluster solution at both ages. The two
solutions were similar, indicating structural stability across 6 years. Five of the six clusters also showed significant individual
stability. Among these clusters, a generalized positive typical pattern and two generalized negative typical patterns were
found, one characterized by very high negative affect and one characterized by very low global life satisfaction. A cluster
characterized by above average positive and negative affect was also found as well as one characterized by low positive affect.
A strong relationship was found between membership in an extreme cluster and the values in certain SWB-related variables,
supporting the validity of the typical patterns found. Further, it was shown that cluster membership contributed to the prediction
of some validation variables above the prediction achieved by using only SWB components entered as continuous variables, suggesting
the presence of interactions and nonlinearities in the SWB area. 相似文献