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91.
Erica L. Hauck Lori Anderson Snyder Luz-Eugenia Cox-Fuenzalida 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2008,27(2):112-125
The current study investigated the effect of workload variability on performance and stress, as well as the role of social
support as a potential intervention. Based on previous research it was predicted that a shift in workload from either high
to low or low to high would lower performance and increase stress, while the provision of social support would result in higher
performance and lower stress. Results revealed significant decrements in performance following workload shifts, though no
increase in stress was perceived. Performance in both workload conditions significantly, but inconsistently, increased following
the provision of social support and stress significantly decreased following the shift from high to low workload. Implications
and future research steps are discussed further. 相似文献
92.
Karen B. Grothe Jamie S. Bodenlos Dori Whitehead Jake Olivier Phillip J. Brantley 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(2):163-169
The current study examined social support and stress as mediators of the hostility—coronary heart disease (CHD) relationship
as suggested by the psychosocial vulnerability model in a sample of low-income African Americans. Among 95 CHD patients and
30 healthy controls, hostility was negatively correlated with social support, but was not related to minor stress. CHD patients
endorsed higher levels of hostility; however, the relationship between hostility and CHD status was diminished once stress
and social support were included in the model. This study lends partial support for the psychosocial vulnerability model of
hostility in African Americans, but suggests that the relationship between hostility and stress may be impacted by socioeconomic
status. 相似文献
93.
工作应激与个体归因特点关系的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
工作应激一直是组织行为中的热点问题,但综观前人研究,很少有研究者从归因的视角揭示其产生过程。本研究从个体的应激源感受性出发,探讨了个体归因特点与其工作应激的关系,建构了相应的模型,并结合压力管理问题,对研究进行了有益展望。 相似文献
94.
The effects of stress and stress hormones on human cognition: Implications for the field of brain and cognition 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
In this review, we report on studies that have assessed the effects of exogenous and endogenous increases in stress hormones on human cognitive performance. We first describe the history of the studies on the effects of using exogenous stress hormones such as glucocorticoids as anti-inflammatory medications on human cognition and mental health. Here, we summarize the cases that led to the diagnosis of glucocorticoid-induced 'steroid psychosis' in human populations and which demonstrated that these stress hormones could thus cross the blood-brain barrier and access the brain where they could influence cognition and mental health. We then summarize studies that assessed the effects of the exogenous administration of glucocorticoids on cognitive performance supported by the hippocampus, the frontal lobes and amygdala. In the second section of the paper, we summarize the effects of the endogenous release of glucocorticoids induced by exposure to a stressful situation on human cognition and we further dissociate the effects of emotion from those of stress on human learning and memory. Finally, in the last section of the paper, we discuss the potential impact that the environmental context to which we expose participants when assessing their memory could have on their reactivity to stress and subsequent cognitive performance. In order to make our point, we discuss the field of memory and aging and we suggest that some of the 'age-related memory impairments' observed in the literature could be partly due to increased stress reactivity in older adults to the environmental context of testing. We also discuss the inverse negative correlations reported between hippocampal volume and memory for young and older adults and suggest that these inverse correlations could be partly due to the effects of contextual stress in young and older adults, as a function of age-related differences in hippocampal volume. 相似文献
95.
BACKGROUND: The influence of stress on neuropsychological functioning was assessed in socially phobic (SP), comorbid socially phobic/major depression (CM), and asymptomatic control subjects (AC) under baseline and stressor conditions. METHODS: Subjects were 33 clinically diagnosed undergraduates aged 18 to 41 years. Neuropsychological measures included the Trail Making Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Spatial Span, and Digit Span administered during a baseline condition and a psychosocial stress condition (videotaping). RESULTS: Spatial Span scores were reduced for SP during stress, improved for AC, and showed no change for CM. TMT B times showed an interaction effect, with completion time improving significantly less for SP than for AC and CM during stress. Analyses of the normative data for WCST total errors indicated that AC and CM improved significantly during stress, while SP performance declined during stress. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that comorbid depressed versus non-depressed SP subjects respond uniquely to stress in terms of their neuropsychological functioning and self-reported mood and experiences; generalized social phobia may be associated with spatial working memory disturbance during social stress. Therefore, situations involving potential social and personal evaluation (e.g., examinations or presentations) may have a significant impact on the neuropsychological functioning of SP individuals. 相似文献
96.
An important aspect of Israeli life is its continuous state of conflict with the neighboring Palestinian people and Arab countries. Given that security-related stress is so intensely experienced by all Israeli residents, we examined the effects of daily fluctuations in security-related stress on dyadic closeness among Jewish and Arab couples. Time sampling approach was used to study repeated sequences of associations between stress and dyadic closeness. Data were collected from 188 Jewish and 93 Arab couples by means of daily diaries. Hierarchical multivariate linear modeling was used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that stress results in increasing distance between intimate partners, but the effect varies with the level of marital quality and socioethnic affiliation. 相似文献
97.
Peter Vitaliano Diana Echeverria Mary Shelkey Jianping Zhang James Scanlan 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(3):177-190
The current study evaluated whether psychological distress (composite of depression, anxiety, vital exhaustion), inflammation
(C-reactive protein, CRP) and cognitive function (Digit Symbol Test, DST) and their changes mediated the relationship between
caregiver status and functional decline. Caregivers for spouses with Alzheimer’s disease were compared to demographically-similar
non-caregiver spouses at study entry (T1), T2 (1 year later), and T3 (2 years after T1). Caregivers had greater functional
impairment, higher distress scores, and poorer DST scores at all points of measurement and also showed functional decline.
Non-caregivers did not demonstrate functional decline. Caregivers declined 85% faster than did non-caregivers. Regressions
showed that after controlling for functional impairment at T1, illness, medication, and health behavior covariates, psychological
distress at T1 and increases in CRP from T1 to T3 mediated the difference in functional decline. Moreover, after DST decline
from T1 to T2 was entered in the model, caregiver status, psychological distress and increases in inflammation all showed
reductions in their predictive importance. These findings suggest psychological distress and increases in inflammation may
help explain why caregivers show greater functional decline than non-caregivers. However, the influences of these psychophysiological
variables may be driven in part by cognitive decline prior to functional decline.
This article is based upon an invited address, “Potential Hazards of Caring for a Loved One with Alzheimer’s Disease” given
by the first author in recognition of the author’s receipt of the Association of Psychologists in Academic Health Centers
2005 Award for Distinguished Achievement in Research. The address was presented at the Annual meeting of the American Psychological
Association, New Orleans, LA., August, 2006. 相似文献
98.
The distinct definition of stress postulated by Buddhist and Western cultures is the foundation for their different coping
styles, traditions, and practices. Dukkha, derived from Buddha’s Four Noble Truths, appears on the surface similar to psychological stress. Further examination of
the Eastern cosmology yields a fundamental disagreement between Western psychological theory and Buddhists’ conception of
suffering and stress related to incorporating reality into the formulation. Cross-cultural research on traditional approaches
to coping with occupational stress found that problem solving was the most effective strategy, however in Thailand meditation
helped nurses cope with a variety of stressors such as dealing with death and dying.
Paul Tyson Ph.D is a professor of psychology and teaches perception, Western and Eastern consciousness at Brock University,
St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1. His research publications have ranged from lucid dreams to memory enhancement after
drinking alcohol, but his primary focus has been on EEG biofeedback, stress management, and current cross-cultural publications
are on how Buddhists cope with stress. Correspond with Paul Tyson via e-mail at tyson@brocku.ca
Rana Pongruengphant R.N., Ph.D. is an associate professor in the Faculty of Nursing and Vice-President for Academic Affairs
at Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chonburi, Thailand 20131. She teaches nursing administration, nursing research and computers
for research. Her publications ranged from nursing administration, nursing practice, nursing education, and cross-cultural
studies of coping with occupational stress.Correspond with Rana Pongruengphant via e-mail at rena@bucc.ac.th 相似文献
99.
Coping with challenge and hindrance stressors in teams: Behavioral,cognitive, and affective outcomes
Matthew J. Pearsall Aleksander P.J. Ellis Jordan H. Stein 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2009
The purpose of this study was to utilize the challenge–hindrance framework to examine the discrete and combined effects of different environmental stressors on behavioral, cognitive, and affective outcomes at the team level. Results from 83 teams working on a command and control simulation indicated that the introduction of a challenge stressor positively affected team performance and transactive memory. The introduction of a hindrance stressor negatively affected team performance and transactive memory and positively affected psychological withdrawal. When the hindrance stressor was combined with the challenge stressor, teams exhibited the lowest levels of performance and transactive memory, and the highest levels of psychological withdrawal. These effects were due to the adoption of specific coping strategies by team members. Implications are discussed, as well as limitations and directions for future research. 相似文献
100.
The two main objectives of this research were to determine whether Type A cognitions are related to a broader range of symptoms
than has traditionally been studied and to determine possible mediating variables. Past research and theory suggest that Type
A individuals not only experience but also generate stress and interpersonal conflict (i.e., in keeping with a psychosocial
vulnerability model). This psychosocial vulnerability may put Type A individuals at greater risk of experiencing a wide array
of physical and psychological symptoms well beyond coronary heart disease (CHD), the health outcome typically investigated.
Stress, interpersonal and non-interpersonal in nature, and perceived social support, were explored as possible mediators in
the Type A cognition-symptoms relationship using structural equation modelling (SEM) in a university sample. Non-interpersonal
stress and interpersonal stress mediated both the Type A cognition-psychological symptoms relationship and the Type A cognition-physical
symptoms relationship. However, perceived social support only mediated the Type A cognition-psychological symptoms relationship.
Results indicate that Type A individuals may experience psychosocial vulnerability, particularly reporting stress, which may
put them at risk for the experience of negative health outcomes. Implications for cognitive therapy are discussed.
相似文献
Donna I. PickeringEmail: |