Insertion des femmes dans un métier « masculin » : transfert d’acquis d’expériences et stratégies identitaires

Entering a male-dominated occupation is favorable to the study of identity strategies. Based on a research among thirty female bus drivers, this article aims to demonstrate that the transfer – in the professional sphere – of knowledge, abilities, attitudes and values acquired in other spheres and times of socialization, is an important component of such strategies. Referred to the model of an active and plural socialization (Baubion-Broye & Hajjar, 1998 ; Almudever & al, 1999) and to Dubar’s distinction (2000) of a biographical and a relational transaction, the content analysis of the female bus drivers interviews allowed : a) to emphasize the relevance of using transfer of experiences acquisitions as an indicator of biographical transaction; b) to establish the links between transfer processes and gender positioning (as an indicator of relational transaction); c) to define three types of identity strategies distinguished by their level of transfer activation.     

Behavioural Change Techniques used in road safety interventions for young people

IntroductionDeath and injury from road traffic is a public health problem worldwide and accordingly there is substantial interest and investment in developing interventions to change road user behaviour. Alongside this, there is growing awareness of the need to evaluate interventions and to identify the most effective mechanisms by which behaviour can be changed. Progress has been hindered due to lack of a common taxonomy with which to define specific techniques used in attempts to change behaviour.ObjectiveBehavioural Change Techniques (BCTs) have been successfully deployed to change a range of different health behaviours. This paper defines a series of BCTs that can be applied in the road safety setting and asks which ones are found in road safety interventions for young road users?MethodAbraham and Michie (2008) identified twenty-six techniques used in behavioural change interventions. These BCTs, plus one other adapted from forensic psychology, are classified into nine groupings. Six educational road safety interventions commonly used in the UK with pre-drivers and young, novice drivers are characterised in terms of the BCTs they employ.ResultsOnly a small subset of BCTs are employed in most of the interventions. They concentrate primarily on increasing awareness of the risks associated with a particular behaviour, and the severity of the potential adverse consequences.ConclusionRecommendations are given for improving the effectiveness of road safety interventions for young people including young, novice drivers by increasing the range of BCTs deployed.     

Divergent viewpoints about lineups: What policy for the identification of criminals?

IntroductionA fair lineup is needed to maximize the likelihood of correct identification of the criminal and minimize the likelihood of mistaken identification. Fairness depends on distractor plausibility and the lineup method (i.e., simultaneous or sequential).ObjectiveThis paper aims to evaluate the advantages and the limits of distractor plausibility and the presentation of the lineup members, and thus show the best method to ensure correct identification.MethodOur conclusions are based on the major experiments published in the field and on recent debates in the scientific community.Results and conclusionIn addition to distractor plausibility, our conclusions, which are based on previous work by Malpass (2006), suggest that sequential and simultaneous lineups are complementary rather than opposed. The paper argues that two tools specifically designed for and adapted to particular situations are better than one.     

La mise en place des représentations d'attachement au sein du couple : parts relatives à l'enfance et au conjoint

The aim of the present study is to compare childhood attachment representations with representations relative to present love relationships, and examine the possible role of the partner's representations when differences are found between the two types of representations. Twenty-two couples passed the Adult Attachment Interview (George et al., 1985), as well as an attachment interview on their present love relationship. Statistical analyses revealed a stronger concordance between childhood and adult representations among insecure people, compared with secure participants. Also, men seemed more inclined to maintain the same type of attachment representations regarding their love relationship as those developed with respect to parents. These findings suggest that defensive exclusion prevents the formation of new attachment representations and the updating of internal working models. The role played by gender remains unclear and warrants further research.     

Une base de données en sémantique du verbe : Semasit

In this article, we present Semasit, a semantic database for French verbs developed for the purposes of experimental research in psycholinguistics and neuropsychology. This database features the distribution of the agents and patients of 96 verbs of interpersonal relations, and 60 verbs of change of state, based on their probability of occurence for 100 participants. It also provides the free-association norms of these 156 verbs. The degree of imagery is also presented for some of them. For 24 verbs of interpersonal relations, this semantic database is completed by the distribution of the patients, when an agent and a verb are presented together. It also provides the free association norms of the patients in this case. This database in freely accessible and can be downloaded from the Internet: http://www.mshs.univ-poitiers.fr/lmdc/semasit/frame-index.htm.     

A Comparative analysis of learning,retention, learning and study strategies in the traditional and M-learning systems

IntroductionLearning and study strategies are important issues that have attracted the attention of many researchers in recent decades. The importance of strategies is well known as a way of improving the level of learning.ObjectiveThis research aimed to compare the effect of learning via mobile devices on learning, retention, learning, and study strategies, with traditional instructional methods.MethodThe present study is a quasi-experimental design with a static group comparison design. The study comprised all primary education students of Taybad Branch, Islamic Azad University (N = 54) in the second semester of the academic year 2018–2019 who chose the language course. These students were considered as a research sample and divided them non-randomly into two groups (27 people as experimental and 27 people as the control group). Before the beginning of the research, a researcher-made learning pre-test questionnaire was developed for both groups in similar conditions. Then, we used the traditional method for the control group and implemented the M-Learning method for the experimental group. At the end of sixteen weeks of training, a researcher-made learning post-test and also the standard learning strategies test were performed in both groups, and after two months of learning tests; the retention test was performed for both test and control groups. Independent t-test analyzed data in Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software.ResultsFindings showed that the rate of learning and retention among trainees by the M-learning method is more than the traditional method. However, in the traditional method, the motivation for progress was more than M-Learning.ConclusionSince mobile learning has a high degree of interoperability, personalization, and participation, compared to traditional learning, it allows students to learn at any time and place they wish. Language teachers and education planners with regard to the importance of learning various skills, apply e-learning in training increase personal motivation and interest in learning.     

On the relationship between the sense of self and the structure of dreams examined through questionnaire research for Japanese university students

In this paper, the author attempts to show some structural changes in the adolescent mind in modern Japan through examination of our quantitative research of the dreams of university students. Two questionnaires, Scale of Anthropophobia Mentality and Scale of Sense of Self, were administered while asking students about the contents of their ‘impressive dreams’ in childhood as well as their recent dreams. By paying attention to the relationship between the sense of self of dream-ego and the structure of dreams, the author demonstrates the subjects’ difficulty, or inability, to ‘have’ anxiety and thereby become active enough both on the surface of their consciousness and in the depth of their unconscious to effect change in their situation. The author concludes with a suggestion regarding the necessity of a cross-cultural study in this field and adds some points of comparison between German and Japanese dreams reported in psychotherapies.     

Temps et mémoire

Theoretical and empirical support about the relationship between working memory and timing is presented in this paper. Common observations and ideas in these two fields of research suggest a reciprocal influence such that memory would be involved in timing and temporal information could be used in memory processes. Empirical data supporting this relationship and theoretical models integrating timing and memory processes are discussed in the present paper.