Cowden Syndrome

Cowden syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited cancer syndrome characterized by multiple hamartomas which may develop in any organ. Mucocutaneous papillomas and trichilemmomas are hallmarks of the syndrome. Affected individuals are at high risk of developing both benign and malignant disease of the thyroid and breast. Epithelial thyroid carcinoma occurs in 3–10% of affected individuals while women have a 25–50% lifetime risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the breast. Because of the cancer risk, it is imperative that health care providers recognize Cowden syndrome. The susceptibility gene has been localized to 10q22-23 and preliminary studies demonstrate no genetic heterogeneity.     

A View of the violence contained in chronic fatigue syndrome

In this paper I ask whether there might be any one particular psychopathology likely to be linked specifically with the physical illness known as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) or myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), and whether CFS/ME aids and abets and 'fits' an original mental state. I think the question cannot yet be answered. However it is my hypothesis that in some personality structures the onset of CFS/ME following a physical illness exacerbates negativity and is an aspect of ordinary depression where there is a lowering of energy levels and a loss of zest for life, or it may reveal the pathological aspect of unresolved rage.
Depending on the degree of pathological disturbance, working with and through the rage may or may not result in a resolution of the symptoms of ME. In this paper I consider some of the problems in the transference and countertransference relationship, which make it extremely difficult to separate out reality from phantasy. There is then the further problem of the denial of the psyche by the patient as part of the violence inherent in the illness.
One case is presented, an example of ME in a borderline male patient in whom resolution could not be achieved.     

Motivational effects of smoked marijuana: behavioral contingencies and low-probability activities.

Six adult male research volunteers, in two groups of 3 subjects each, lived in a residential laboratory for 15 days. All contact with the experimenters was through a networked computer system, and subjects' behavior was monitored continuously and recorded. During the first part of each day, they were allowed to socialize. Two cigarettes containing active marijuana (2.7% delta 9-THC) or placebo were smoked during the private work period and the period of access to social activities. Three-day contingency conditions requiring subjects to engage in a low-probability work activity (instrumental activity) in order to earn time that could be spent engaging in a high-probability work activity (contingent activity) were programmed during periods of placebo and active-marijuana smoking. During placebo administration, the contingency requirement reliably increased the amount of time that subjects spent engaged in the low-probability instrumental activity and decreased the time spent engaged in the high-probability activity. During active-marijuana administration, however, the increases in instrumental activity were consistently larger than observed under placebo conditions. The decreases in contingent activity were similar to those seen under placebo conditions. Smoking active marijuana was thus observed to produce increments in instrumental activity under motivational conditions involving contingencies for "work activities."     

原发性肾病综合征合并甲状腺功能异常患者临床资料分析

分析原发性肾病综合征合并甲状腺功能异常患者的临床特征,探讨其,I盏床意义。对37例原发性肾病综合征合并甲状腺功能异常患者的,陆床资料进行回顾性分析,治疗前检测甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（Anti～TPO）、甲状腺球蛋白抗体（Anti—TG）,并分别于治疗前后检测血清游离T3（FT3）、血清游离甲状腺激素（FT4）、促甲状腺激...     

威廉斯综合症及其研究现状

威廉斯综合症是一种上世纪 60年代才被人类认识的疾病。该病症有特殊的生理、行为和认知异常 ,脑发育伴随着结构和临床异常。本文对国外40年的研究成果进行了总结 ,初步介绍了威廉斯综合症的症状表现、认知特征、行为特征及诊断治疗方面的研究现状 ,最后对该领域的研究提出了展望。     

艾滋病非刑罪化视阈下我国防控策略的伦理思考

审视我国现有法规对艾滋病防控的影响,剖析其在维护个体权益与促进公共卫生平衡中的挑战,以实证案例和艾滋病悖论为切入点,分析艾滋病刑事定罪涉及的伦理问题,提出科学、伦理和法律方面的应对策略。强调将艾滋病病毒传播作为一个公共卫生问题加以解决是最为有效的手段。在法规制定和司法实践中,应纳入科学事实和医学证据,避免过于宽泛的刑事定罪。在决策过程中,应全面考量生命伦理学原则,最大限度避免可能的交叉歧视、多重污名以及暴力伤害。此外,还应重视公共卫生视角下的补充或替代方案,确保干预措施积极有效。

     

Neural correlates of visuospatial consciousness in 3D default space: Insights from contralateral neglect syndrome

One of the most compelling questions still unanswered in neuroscience is how consciousness arises. In this article, we examine visual processing, the parietal lobe, and contralateral neglect syndrome as a window into consciousness and how the brain functions as the mind and we introduce a mechanism for the processing of visual information and its role in consciousness. We propose that consciousness arises from integration of information from throughout the body and brain by the thalamus and that the thalamus reimages visual and other sensory information from throughout the cortex in a default three-dimensional space in the mind. We further suggest that the thalamus generates a dynamic default three-dimensional space by integrating processed information from corticothalamic feedback loops, creating an infrastructure that may form the basis of our consciousness. Further experimental evidence is needed to examine and support this hypothesis, the role of the thalamus, and to further elucidate the mechanism of consciousness.