哲学对医学导向作用的切入点

哲学是世界观、方法论、价值观的科学体系。医学是维护和促进人类健康的科学体系和实践活动。二者都具有很强的科学精神和人文精神。医学和哲学的关系是特殊与普通的关系。医学为哲学理论的建构奠定了科学基础,而哲学为医学的发展提供导向作用。为了使２１世纪的医学再创辉煌,以马克思主义哲学的提供的客观性原则、方法论原则、社会价值性原则作为切入点,发挥其导向作用是完全必要的。     

Retrospective accounts of recurrent parental physical abuse as a predictor of adult laboratory‐induced aggression

Child abuse has been frequently associated with adult aggression in its many forms. The Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP) is a popular laboratory‐based procedure derived from the retaliatory responses of participants engaged in a monetary‐reinforced computer game. PSAP responses have been found to discriminate between participants with and without violent, antisocial, substance abuse, and even contact‐sport athletic histories. The present study provided an initial test of the sensitivity of the PSAP and the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS) in discriminating between college students (n=28) with and without reported histories of recurrent physical abuse as defined by incidents of being pushed, shoved, struck, punched, or threatened with physical violence by a parent more than once every six weeks over 15 years of upbringing. PSAP responses were substantially higher (d=2.1) among participants reporting histories of recurrent parental physical abuse, with 46% (as opposed to 0% for controls) of these individuals generating PSAP responses in excess of 400 (average found for violent parolees). Group differences on the OAS were also considerable (>1 SD). Larger factorial designs examining relationships between a range of developmental variables (e.g., domestic abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, parental divorce, family climate, etc.) and adult PSAP responding may help advance present knowledge regarding the impact of childhood adversity on psychological development. Aggr. Behav. 30:217–228, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

The catechism of the citizen: politics,law and religion in,after, with and against Rousseau

As a way of thinking through the bleakness of the political present through which we are all too precipitously moving, this essay attempts to demonstrate the interconnections between three concepts: politics, law and religion. By way of a detailed reading of Rousseau, I try to show how any conception of legitimate politics and law requires a conception of religion at its base and as its basis. In my view, this is highly problematic and in the conclusion an argument is presented for a politics of the supreme fiction, which attempts to show how poetry might take the place of religion.

Experimental evidence supporting simpler Action Point paradigms for car-following

The Action Point theory is one of the paradigms that can be applied to understand and reproduce car-following behaviour. Several different approaches to this theory have been proposed, some more simple and others more complex. In particular, the reference point in this field is still the paradigm from Wiedemann, which requires the identification of four action-point thresholds. In this paper we review Action Point theories in order to highlight similarities and differences and to ascertain whether all the thresholds proposed by Wiedemann actually bind the driving behaviour. Based on a large-scale experiment in which car-following data were collected, we identified all candidate action points assuming that the more complex (four-threshold) theory holds. Then we tested these points with respect to the large data set of available observations, in order to check whether actual actions are performed at the points. The results show that very often simpler approaches better match the observed data and that in order to explain car-following behaviour it is sufficient in most cases to refer to two thresholds. The results obtained by real-world observation were also tested in virtual environments (two different kinds of driving simulators) and were confirmed.