CROSSING THE DIVIDE: LESSONS FROM DEVELOPING WIND ENERGY IN POST‐FACT AMERICA

The income and careers that come with building wind turbines have become a lifeline for many factory towns and farming communities. Generating electricity from the wind puts increasingly cheap power on the grid, saving consumers billions a year. And it is one of the biggest, fastest, cheapest ways to reduce carbon pollution, reducing the threat of climate change. Yet as wind farms have rapidly spread to forty‐one states, their developers must make their case anew with each community that hosts them. Facts matter, but so do empathy, honoring deep connections to neighbors and landscape, and developing mutual respect. Successful wind farm developers listen first for shared values and speak with inclusive language, to communicate with potential opponents across divides of misunderstanding and motivate local residents to adapt to and benefit from change.     

The relationship between psychological well- and ill-being,and perceived autonomy supportive and controlling interpersonal styles: A longitudinal study of sport coaches

The present study longitudinally explored sports coaches' psychological well-being (positive affect and integration of coaching with one's sense of self) and ill-being (negative affect and devaluation of coaching) as predictors of their perceived autonomy supportive and controlling interpersonal styles towards individuals under their instruction. Participants were 195 sport coaches who completed questionnaire measures at three time points across an eleven-month period. Controlling for social desirability, multilevel analyses revealed that within-person increases and individual differences in positive affect and integration were positively associated with autonomy support. Conversely, within-person increases and individual differences in negative affect, but not devaluation, were associated with increased use of interpersonal control. The indicators of well-being did not predict interpersonal control and the indicators of ill-being did not predict autonomy support. In their entirety, the present findings suggest that autonomy supportive and controlling interpersonal styles have unique correlates, and affective determinants may play a particularly central role in controlling interpersonal styles. Supporting the psychological health of coaches may lead them to create an adaptive interpersonal environment for their athletes.     

The TRAMS: The Team-Referent Attributions Measure in Sport

ObjectivesTo provide initial evidence for the construct, concurrent, and predictive validity of the Team-Referent Attributions Measure in Sport (the TRAMS).DesignCross-sectional in Studies 1 and 2, and multiple time points in Study 3.MethodStudy 1 required participants (N = 500) to complete the TRAMS for their “least successful” and “most successful” performances in the preceding three months. In Study 2, after performance, participants (N = 515) completed the TRAMS and the Causal Dimension Scale for Teams (CDS-T; Greenlees et al., 2005). Study 3 required participants (N = 165) to complete a measure of pre-competition collective-efficacy prior to performance (Day 1, Time 1), the TRAMS following performance (Day 1, Time 2), and a measure of subsequent collective-efficacy prior to subsequent performance (Day 7–9, Time 3).ResultsStudy 1 supported the factor structure of the TRAMS across least successful and most successful conditions. Study 2 provided further support for the factor structure of the TRAMS, together with evidence of concurrent validity with subscales of the CDS-T. Study 3 revealed, following team defeat, interactions between controllability and generalisability dimensions: Controllability had a significant effect upon subsequent collective-efficacy when causes of team defeat were also perceived to generalise across situations and/or across teams. Following team victory, stable attributions were positively associated with subsequent collective-efficacy.ConclusionsThis article provides initial evidence for the validity of the TRAMS and demonstrates for team-referent attributions the theoretical advantages of examining a broader conceptualisation of generalisability attributions and interactive effects of attributions.     

Extending the 3 × 2 achievement goal model to the sport domain: The 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport

In the present research, we sought to extend the 3 × 2 achievement goal model recently proffered in the school domain to the sport domain. We did so by conducting two studies focused on the development and initial validation of the 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport (3 × 2 AGQ-S). Study 1 (n = 679), devised items for the questionnaire and demonstrated that data from the questionnaire nicely fit the proposed 3 × 2 model, showed a better fit to the 3 × 2 model than to alternative models, and indicated that each goal variable had good internal consistency. Study 2 again documented the strong psychometric properties of the measure, and additionally linked the goal variables to other constructs central to the achievement goal literature. The establishment of this measure allows extensive study of the 3 × 2 achievement goal model in the sport domain, and promises to yield deeper insights into the nature of achievement motivation in such contexts.     

以家庭平衡为目的的辅助生殖技术性别选择问题探讨

对三孩政策下辅助生殖医疗机构患者就诊过程中呼声较高的以家庭平衡为目的的性别选择问题进行探讨,从概念的界定、产生需求的社会背景及可能引发的伦理问题进行论证,从而推动社会层面的深度思考。同时,结合当前辅助生殖技术中存在的社会需求,提出了以家庭平衡为目的的性别选择是曾经实行的“生男即止法”的延伸。但以家庭平衡为目的的性别选择还需要以辅助生殖技术规范应用为前提,应该从法律法规的完善、技术应用的监督及审查体系的加强等方面推动工作,防止相关技术的滥用。

     

辅助生殖治疗中不确定性焦虑的体验研究

以具身性体验为视角,调查辅助生殖治疗中的药物施用、取卵、胚胎移植、怀孕等事项上女性的体验,讨论辅助生殖技术介入过程中女性的不确定性焦虑的体验。分析发现：技术介入让女性承受巨大的生理痛苦和健康风险;技术介入也是技术话语对女性生育力的建构过程;而正是这种建构使女性身体问题化,让女性深陷焦虑;女性在传统生育话语框架下,应对治疗中不确定性的焦虑,其主体性受限,女性在技术介入过程中仍难有自信。

     

70岁高龄男性助孕引发的问题及伦理思考

报道了1例70岁高龄男性的助孕情况,探讨了高龄男性生育现状、高龄男性助孕存在的问题以及助孕易于引发的伦理问题。意在提醒生殖中心工作人员在接诊高龄男性患者助孕时,既要尊重其与配偶的生育权,又要充分告知高龄男性生育给自身、配偶及后代带来的风险。助孕前应加强医患沟通,遵循有利于患者原则、知情同意原则、有利于后代原则,同时接受伦理委员会的监督,严防技术滥用,适时劝导高龄男性患者放弃助孕治疗。     

社会焦虑与危机干预

通过分析社会焦虑的成因及其所带来的危机后果 ,从积极的角度予以心理干预 ,使人们失衡的认知功能和情感反应趋于稳定 ,行为合理化 ,并指出目前危机干预存在的问题和对未来的展望     

“三亲婴儿”培育技术的伦理辩护及反思

“三亲婴儿”培育技术是首次在辅助生殖领域对生殖细胞进行干预的技术, 引起了极大的伦理争议, 如冲击传统伦理、亵渎人的尊严、潜在技术风险、促使道德滑坡。从冲击传统伦理的技术未必不道德, 人的尊严只有在社会关系中才能获得, 未知的未来不能成为抑制当代技术的理由等维度对“三亲婴儿”培育技术进行伦理辩护, 并从“三亲胚胎”的地位、线粒体替代技术的安全性、我国对“三亲婴儿”培育技术的态度三个方面对“三亲婴儿”培育技术的发展进行反思。     

辅助生殖技术随访工作中的伦理原则探讨

随着人类辅助生殖技术 (assisted reproductive technology, ART) 的发展, 术后进行的定期随访工作在ART中的伦理学问题不断凸显, 有必要对其重视及规范。从伦理原则角度探讨了ART随访工作中存在的诸多伦理学问题, 即个人隐私权保护的缺失、知情同意的形式化、医源性多胎的伦理困境等。保密互盲、知情同意、保护患者、保护后代等伦理原则监督和规范ART近期及远期随访工作, 对于引导人类辅助生殖技术健康发展, 具有重大现实意义。