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201.
202.
Rafał Wonicki 《Journal of Global Ethics》2014,10(3):261-266
The aim of this article is to identify the main challenges for global ethics as an academic discipline. This article assesses the moral and practical justifications for common global principles. Individual and institutional responsibility on the supranational level is connected with the standard of human rights and the relational aspects of the globalised world. It also points out two separate problems which global ethics should aim to solve. The first is metatheoretical and methodological and concerns the discipline's lack of self-reflexiveness. The second is essential and concerns the clash of values (human rights and sovereignty). Regarding the second problem, the main future challenge of global ethics is to construct a measurement to bring political decisions closer to morality and more strongly connect rights with responsibilities. 相似文献
203.
Nigel Dower 《Journal of Global Ethics》2014,10(1):8-15
Global ethics is an emerging discipline which has not yet reached maturity. The main tasks before it to gain maturity are: first, to achieve a greater integration of various domains of enquiry all of which are concerned with global normative issues. At a general level this includes integrating global ethics with cosmopolitanism, global justice and human right discourse. At the level of areas of concern, there needs to be greater integration of various areas such as development, trade, environment and climate change. And it must grapple with the question of diversity within universality: how far can diversity of practices be accommodated within a culturally sensitive universal framework? Second, there is the question of finding a shared normative framework with respect to the diverse worldviews that may lie behind this: what degree and kind of convergence/consensus are worth working for? Third, there is the task of creating the conditions for its own wider acceptance, which should include taking the idea of global citizenship seriously. 相似文献
204.
J. B. Delston 《Journal of Global Ethics》2014,10(3):326-338
What obligations do global actors have to prevent terrorism? Is consent required to create an international obligation, or does the correctness of its goals ground its legitimacy? In this paper, I consider these questions with respect to a subset of international law often overlooked: anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT). AML/CFT comprises peaceful response to violence and terrorism, making it a significant component of international justice and diplomacy. First, I present the current legal framework for AML/CFT institutions and identify two conflicting sources of justification: objective value and consent. The fix for this problem, I argue, does not come from either component alone. Objective value cannot provide the sole source of justification because it cannot settle the choice between multiple competing norms that would achieve the same objective goods were we to follow them (‘the choice problem’). Consent cannot provide the sole source of justification (‘the constraint problem’) for two reasons: some contracts that people agree to are morally abhorrent and others are morally required but people do not agree to them. But objective value and consent can be combined consistently, and I articulate this hybrid as a sound basis for evaluating and reforming AML/CFT laws and institutions. 相似文献
205.
Matthew E. Mundy 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2014,10(1):9-14
Explanations for the cognitive basis of the Müller-Lyer illusion are still
frustratingly mixed. To date, Day’s (1989)
theory of perceptual compromise has received little empirical attention. In this
study, we examine the merit of Day’s hypothesis for the Müller-Lyer illusion by
biasing participants toward global or local visual processing through exposure
to Navon (1977) stimuli, which are known
to alter processing level preference for a short time. Participants
(N = 306) were randomly allocated to global, local, or
control conditions. Those in global or local conditions were exposed to Navon
stimuli for 5 min and participants were required to report on the global or
local stimulus features, respectively. Subsequently, participants completed a
computerized Müller-Lyer experiment where they adjusted the length of a line to
match an illusory-figure. The illusion was significantly stronger for
participants with a global bias, and significantly weaker for those with a local
bias, compared with the control condition. These findings provide empirical
support for Day’s “conflicting cues” theory of perceptual compromise in the
Müller-Lyer illusion. 相似文献
206.
Naomi Ziv Shulamit Radin 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2014,10(1):15-25
Absolute pitch (AP) is the ability to identify or produce notes without any
reference note. An ongoing debate exists regarding the benefits or disadvantages
of AP in processing music. One of the main issues in this context is whether the
categorical perception of pitch in AP possessors may interfere in processing
tasks requiring relative pitch (RP). Previous studies, focusing mainly on
melodic and interval perception, have obtained inconsistent results. The aim of
the present study was to examine the effect of AP and RP separately, using
isolated chords. Seventy-three musicians were categorized into four groups of
high and low AP and RP, and were tested on two tasks: identifying chord types
(Task 1), and identifying a single note within a chord (Task 2). A main effect
of RP on Task 1 and an interaction between AP and RP in reaction times were
found. On Task 2 main effects of AP and RP, and an interaction were found, with
highest performance in participants with both high AP and RP. Results suggest
that AP and RP should be regarded as two different abilities, and that AP may
slow down reaction times for tasks requiring global processing. 相似文献
207.
Identifying unique and shared risk factors for physical intimate partner violence and clinically‐significant physical intimate partner violence
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208.
A relationship between air temperature and the incidence of suicide has been established in a number of previous studies. Interestingly, the relationship between geographical variation in temperature and suicide incidence has generally been found to be negative, while the relationship between temporal variation in temperature and suicide incidence has generally been found to be positive. It is less clear, however, how temperature relates to the incidence of self-harm. This topic is of particular importance given the presence of ongoing global warming. This study investigated the relationship between temperature and the incidence of self-harm resulting in hospitalisation in New Zealand. Self-harm hospitalisations by date and district for 1993–2009 were obtained from the Ministry of Health. Meteorological data was obtained from NIWA. Generalised linear mixed models were used to estimate the effects of three different components of variation in temperature: geographical, seasonal and irregular. Irregular (random) daily variation in temperature had a modest positive relationship with the incidence of acts of self-harm resulting in hospitalisation, with about 0.7% extra incidents for every 1 °C increase in temperature. However, there was no strong evidence for a positive effect of either seasonal or geographical variation in temperature. We conclude that temperature does appear to bear some relation to the incidence of self-harm, with irregular daily variation in temperature having a positive effect. However, inconsistencies in the effects of different components of variation in temperature make it challenging to accurately predict how global warming will influence the incidence of self-harm. 相似文献
209.
This study investigated the moderating role of self-esteem on young emerging adults’ in their school-to-work transition phase of graduateness skills and career adaptability. A non-probability convenience sample (n=332) of undergraduate black (98.5%) and female (62%) young emerging adults (18–29 years) at a Further Education and Training (FET) college in South Africa participated in the study. Participants completed the Culture Free Self-esteem Inventory for Adults (CFSEI 2-AD, Battle, 1992), the Graduateness Skills and Attributes Scale (GSAS, Coetzee, 2010) and the Career Adapt-abilities Scale (CAAS, Savickas &; Porfeli, 2012). Hierarchical moderated regression analysis indicated significant interaction effects between self-esteem and overall graduateness, lifelong learning and global/moral citizenship skills and attributes in moderating overall career adaptability. The relationship between the participants’ graduateness skills and attributes (overall graduateness, global/moral citizenship, and lifelong learning) and their career adaptability was significantly stronger when their self-esteem was high than when their self-esteem was low. The finding suggests self-esteem to influence self-perceived graduateness skills and career adaptability in emerging adults. 相似文献
210.
Leslie Vaughan Cheryl Bushnell Christina L. Bell Mark A. Espeland 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2016,23(1):117-131
An estimated 65% of individuals demonstrate multidomain cognitive impairment poststroke, although little is known about the varying role of cognitive risk and protective factors in preischemic, peri-ischemic, and postischemic stroke phases. Longitudinal changes in global cognitive function after ischemic stroke are not well characterized, especially in older adults over age 80. We examined global cognitive function trajectories in these three phases across a mean follow-up of 8.12 (2.30) years in 159 female stroke survivors aged 65–79 at baseline using linear mixed models with change points. In separate models controlling for demographic variables, we tested the interaction of baseline risk and protective factors with stroke phase on global cognitive function. None of the prestroke global cognitive function means or trajectories differed significantly. At the time of ischemic stroke, higher body mass index (BMI), the presence of hypertension (HTN), low optimism, and higher physical function were all associated with significantly greater mean decreases in global cognition (all p’s <.0.0001), but were not significantly different from the contrasting level (all p’s >0.05). Higher BMI, the presence of HTN, low optimism, and higher physical function were in turn protective of global cognitive decline postischemic stroke (all contrasting p values <.01). Baseline factors may play either a risk or a protective role in global cognitive function depending on the phase of ischemic stroke. 相似文献