全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1250篇 |
免费 | 115篇 |
国内免费 | 85篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 18篇 |
2022年 | 12篇 |
2021年 | 41篇 |
2020年 | 50篇 |
2019年 | 51篇 |
2018年 | 47篇 |
2017年 | 62篇 |
2016年 | 81篇 |
2015年 | 48篇 |
2014年 | 59篇 |
2013年 | 252篇 |
2012年 | 56篇 |
2011年 | 88篇 |
2010年 | 38篇 |
2009年 | 80篇 |
2008年 | 103篇 |
2007年 | 72篇 |
2006年 | 56篇 |
2005年 | 56篇 |
2004年 | 43篇 |
2003年 | 55篇 |
2002年 | 21篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1450条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
971.
Components of attentional bias to threat in high trait anxiety: Facilitated engagement, impaired disengagement, and attentional avoidance 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Koster EH Crombez G Verschuere B Van Damme S Wiersema JR 《Behaviour research and therapy》2006,44(12):1757-1771
There is a wealth of evidence demonstrating enhanced attention to threat in high trait anxious individuals (HTA) compared with low trait anxious individuals (LTA). In two experiments, we investigated whether this attentional bias is related to facilitated attentional engagement to threat or difficulties disengaging attention from threat. HTA and LTA undergraduates performed a modified exogenous cueing task, in which the location of a target was correctly or incorrectly cued by neutral, highly and mildly threatening pictures. Results indicate that at 100 ms picture presentation, HTA individuals more strongly engaged their attention with and showed impaired disengagement from highly threatening pictures than LTA individuals. In addition, HTA individuals showed a stronger tendency to attentional avoidance of threat at the 200 and 500 ms picture presentation. These data provide evidence for differential patterns of anxiety-related biases in attentive processing of threat at early versus later stages of information processing. 相似文献
972.
Previous studies show that following disorientation children use the geometry of an enclosed space to locate an object hidden in one of the corners [e.g. (Hermer, L., & Spelke, E. (1996). Modularity and development: A case of spatial reorientation. Cognition, 61, 195-232)]. These studies have used a disorientation procedure that involves rotating the viewer (with eyes closed). Here, we examine 18- to 25-month-olds' spatial coding in two disorientation tasks--involving either viewer or space rotation. Importantly, the rotational movements in both tasks could not be visually tracked. Children were tested in either task (viewer- or space-movement) from either inside or outside a triangular (isosceles) space (with one unique and two equivalent corners). In the viewer-movement task, performance was above chance, regardless of which corner contained the object. In the space-movement task, performance was above chance at only the unique corner. On both tasks, performance was better from inside the space than from outside. The implications for how children determine location are discussed. 相似文献
973.
Rat exploration is an organized series of trips. Each exploratory trip involves an outward tour from the refuge followed by a return to the refuge. A tour consists of a sequence of progressions with variable direction and speed concatenated by stops, whereas the return consists of a single direct progression. We have argued that processing self-movement information generated on the tour allows a rat to plot the return to the refuge. This claim has been supported by observing consistent differences between tour and return segments independent of ambient cue availability; however, this distinction was based on differences in movement characteristics derived from multiple progressions and stops on the tour and the single progression on the return. The present study examines movement characteristics of the tour and return progressions under novel-dark and light conditions. Three novel characteristics of progressions were identified: (1) linear speeds and path curvature of exploratory trips are negatively correlated, (2) tour progression maximum linear speed and temporal pacing varies as a function of travel distance, and (3) return progression movement characteristics are qualitatively different from tour progressions of comparable length. These observations support a role for dead reckoning in organizing exploratory behavior. 相似文献
974.
Vlasak AN 《Animal cognition》2006,9(1):71-80
Locating food and refuge is essential for an animal's survival. However, little is known how mammals navigate under natural
conditions and cope with given environmental constraints. In a series of six experiments, I investigated landmark-based navigation
in free-ranging Columbian ground squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus). Squirrels were trained individually to find a baited platform within an array of nine identical platforms and artificial
landmarks set up on their territories. After animals learned the location of the food platform in the array, the position
of the latter with respect to local artificial, local natural, and global landmarks was manipulated, and the animal's ability
to find the food platform was tested. When only positions of local artificial landmarks were changed, squirrels located food
with high accuracy. When the location of the array relative to global landmarks was altered, food-finding accuracy decreased
but remained significant. In the absence of known global landmarks, the presence of a familiar route and natural local landmarks
resulted in significant but not highly accurate performance. Squirrels likely relied on multiple types of cues when orienting
towards a food platform. Local landmarks were used only as a secondary mechanism of navigation, and were not attended to when
a familiar route and known global landmarks were present. This study provided insights into landmark use by a wild mammal
in a natural situation, and it demonstrated that an array of platforms can be employed to investigate landmark-based navigation
under such conditions. 相似文献
975.
Five experiments on honeybees examined how the learning of a second task interferes with what was previously learned. Free
flying bees were tested for landmark-based memory in variations on a paradigm of retroactive interference. Bees first learned
Task 1, were tested on Task 1 (Test 1), then learned Task 2, and were tested again on Task 1 (Test 2). A 60-min delay (waiting
in a box) before Test 2 caused no performance decrements. If the two tasks had conflicting response requirements, (e.g., target
right of a green landmark in Task 1 and left of a blue landmark in Task 2), then a strong decrement on Test 2 was found (retroactive
interference effect). When response competition was minimised during training or testing, however, the decrement on Test 2
was small or nonexistent. The results implicate response competition as a major contributor to the retroactive interference
effect. The honeybee seems to hold on to memories; new memories do not wipe out old ones. 相似文献
976.
Solving spatial tasks with unaligned layouts: the difficulty of dealing with conflicting information
Vasilyeva M 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2002,83(4):291-303
Previous research has shown that preschool children have difficulty using relational information in spatial tasks. The present study investigates whether this difficulty is due, in part, to children's inability to deal with situations of conflict where both objective and egocentric cues are available and point to different responses. Two studies were conducted to compare performance in the presence versus absence of conflicting cues. In Study 1, 40 four-year-olds had to locate an object in a single layout presented from different perspectives. In Study 2, 39 four-year-olds had to transfer locational information between two unaligned layouts. The presence of conflict significantly affected children's performance in both studies. The results are discussed in the context of similar findings in other cognitive domains. 相似文献
977.
The integration of spatial maps in pigeons was investigated using a spatial analog to sensory preconditioning. The pigeons were tested in an open-field arena in which they had to locate hidden food among a 4×4 grid of gravel-filled cups. In phase 1, the pigeons were exposed to a consistent spatial relationship (vector) between landmark L (a red L-shaped block of wood), landmark T (a blue T-shaped block of wood) and the hidden food goal. In phase 2, the pigeons were then exposed to landmark T with a different spatial vector to the hidden food goal. Following phase 2, pigeons were tested with trials on which they were presented with only landmark L to examine the potential integration of the phase 1 and 2 vectors via their shared common elements. When these test trials were preceded by phase 1 and phase 2 reminder trials, pigeons searched for the goal most often at a location consistent with their integration of the LT phase 1 and Tphase 2 goal vectors. This result indicates that integration of spatial vectors acquired during phases 1 and 2 allowed the pigeons to compute a novel Lgoal vector. This suggests that spatial maps may be enlarged by successively integrating additional spatial information through the linkage of common elements. 相似文献
978.
Moral reasoning of 57 (Time 1) and 59 (Time 2) nursing, social-work and law-enforcement students was investigated in terms
of care and justice reasoning about hypothetical and real-life dilemmas. The analysis methods were the Ethic of Care Interview,
the Moral Judgment Interview, Lyons' Moral Orientation Scheme and Wark and Krebs' classification of real-life dilemmas. The
type of dilemma predicted moral orientation usage. Prosocial dilemmas pulled for care and antisocial dilemmas for justice
orientation. Level of justice reasoning varied according to the type of dilemma. Real-life care reasoning was consistent with
participants' competence, with the exception of transgression-type dilemmas at Time 2. Levels of care and justice reasoning
were highly correlated with each other. These results underscore the importance of the dilemma type and suggest that care
reasoning is a significant part of real life morality. The study recommends the ECI as a new model to account for real-life
care reasoning. 相似文献
979.
The role of spatial attention and other processes on the magnitude and time course of cueing effects
We are quite often exposed to multiple objects present in the visual scene, thus attentional selection is necessary in order
to selectively respond to the relevant information. Objects can be selected on the basis of the location they occupy by orienting
attention in space. In this paper, we review the evidence showing that attention can be oriented in space either endogenously,
on the basis of central cues, predictive of the relevant location, or exogenously, automatically triggered by the salient
properties of visual stimuli (peripheral cues). Several dissociations observed between orienting on the basis of the two types
of cues have led to the conclusion that they do not represent just two modes of triggering the orienting of the very same
attentional mechanism, but rather they modulate processing differently. We present a theoretical framework according to which
endogenous predictive cues facilitate target processing by orienting attention, thus amplifying processing at the attended
location. In contrast, apart from attentional orienting, peripherally presented discrepant cues might trigger additional cue-target
event-integration and event-segregation processes, which modulate processing in a different way, thus leading to cueing effects
that are exclusively triggered by peripheral cues. 相似文献
980.
Previous studies demonstrated that interference control in stimulus–stimulus compatibility tasks slowed down stopping in the stop signal task (e.g., Kramer, A. F., Humphrey, D. G., Larish, J. F., Logan, G. D., & Strayer, D. L. (1994). Aging and inhibition: beyond a unitary view of inhibitory processing in attention. psychology and aging, 9, 491–512). In the present study, the impact of stimulus–stimulus compatibility and stimulus–response compatibility on response inhibition is further investigated. In Experiment 1, the stop signal task was combined with a traditional horizontal Simon task and with a vertical variant. For both dimensions, stopping responses was prolonged in incompatible trials, but only when the previous trial was compatible. In Experiment 2, the Simon task was combined with a spatial Stroop task in order to compare the effects of stimulus–stimulus and stimulus–response compatibility. The results demonstrated that both types of compatibility influenced stopping in a similar way. These findings are in favor of the hypothesis that response inhibition in the stop signal task and interference control in conflict tasks rely on similar mechanisms. 相似文献