全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4639篇 |
免费 | 397篇 |
国内免费 | 219篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 80篇 |
2022年 | 93篇 |
2021年 | 167篇 |
2020年 | 229篇 |
2019年 | 193篇 |
2018年 | 198篇 |
2017年 | 268篇 |
2016年 | 241篇 |
2015年 | 234篇 |
2014年 | 287篇 |
2013年 | 776篇 |
2012年 | 148篇 |
2011年 | 320篇 |
2010年 | 175篇 |
2009年 | 296篇 |
2008年 | 291篇 |
2007年 | 290篇 |
2006年 | 156篇 |
2005年 | 133篇 |
2004年 | 104篇 |
2003年 | 87篇 |
2002年 | 73篇 |
2001年 | 37篇 |
2000年 | 39篇 |
1999年 | 38篇 |
1998年 | 28篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1984年 | 22篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 23篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 15篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 13篇 |
1974年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有5255条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
951.
Sibling conflict can rise to the level of a clinical problem. In Phase 1 a lengthy behavioral role-play analog sampling child
reactions to normal sibling conflicts was successfully shortened. In Phase 2 normal children who lacked sibling conflict resolution
skills were randomly assigned to a Training or Measurement Only condition. Training consisted of five clinic sessions focusing
on verbal reasoning, assertiveness, and acceptance skills. Trained children outperformed Measurement Only children on the
shortened role-play test. Parents of trained children, but not untrained children, perceived improved social competence in
the home. The project provides an empirical foundation for future research with aggressive siblings. 相似文献
952.
Amanda W. Harrell Sterett H. Mercer Melissa E. DeRosier 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(4):378-387
We evaluated the efficacy of a social skills training intervention designed to improve adolescents’ social, emotional and
behavioral adjustment, Social Skills Group Intervention-Adolescent (S.S.GRIN-A). Seventy-four adolescents (ages 13–16 years)
and their parents were randomly assigned to either the treatment group (N = 40) or a wait-list control group (N = 34). Adolescents in the treatment and control groups were compared on global self-concept, social self-efficacy, internalizing
problems, and externalizing problems pre- and post-intervention. Youth in the treatment group demonstrated enhanced global
self-concept, increased social self-efficacy, and decreased internalizing problems as compared to youth in the control group.
No differences in externalizing behavior were found. We discuss the effectiveness of S.S.GRIN-A as a general program designed
for addressing a range of adjustment issues and social skill deficits in adolescents. 相似文献
953.
Elizabeth M. McCarroll Eric W. Lindsey Carol MacKinnon-Lewis Jessica Campbell Chambers James M. Frabutt 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(4):473-485
We examined associations between children’s health status and the quality of their peer relationships, as well as factors
that may account for individual variation in the quality of chronically ill and healthy children’s peer relationships. Our
sample included 268 children (138 boys; 130 girls) with 149 European-Americans and 119 African-Americans. There were 91 children
with a chronic illness; 35 with asthma, 26 with diabetes, and 30 with obesity. Chronically ill children were characterized
by teachers as displaying less prosocial behavior, less overt aggression, and less relational aggression with peers than healthy
children. Chronically ill children reported lower levels of peer contact and higher levels of social anxiety than healthy
children. Among chronically ill children those with high self-esteem were more prosocial and less aggressive than those with
low self-esteem. Our findings suggest that chronically ill children are at risk for peer relationship difficulties, but that
self-esteem may serve as a protective factor against poor peer relationships for some chronically ill children. 相似文献
954.
Vincent Chong Khatharya Um Monica Hahn David Pheng Clifford Yee Colette Auerswald 《Aggression and violent behavior》2009,14(6):461-469
There is a nascent, but growing, literature on Southeast Asian youth violence that focuses on the role of acculturation, portraying violence as a problem of maladaptation. However, scholars overlook the ways in which violence holds meaning for the youth who experience it and how violence may be related to racial and gender identity formation. We conducted a qualitative study with young Southeast Asian men to elicit the role violence plays in their understanding of what it means for them to be Southeast Asian and male. We conducted focus groups and semi-structured individual interviews with an ethnically diverse group of 21 young Southeast Asian men 13–17 years of age from Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California. Data were analyzed using the extended case method approach. Our findings illustrate that violence and engagement with community-based organizations are situational tools that these young Southeast Asian men use to navigate their social contexts in an attempt to be resilient in ecological contexts marked by alienation and discrimination, as well as to construct accepted and successful racial and gender identities. Furthermore, we found that their actions were guided by gendered codes of conduct, such as a “code of the street.” 相似文献
955.
Jörg Schimmel 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2009,10(1):93-111
This paper examines to what extent the concept of happiness is complementary to the United Nations Development Program's (UNDP) human development approach in the evaluation of poverty, wealth and development. The deconstruction of UNDP's discourse on and its measurement of these concepts show that its perspective is highly arbitrary. Poverty is exclusively defined as lack and state of ill-being, inferior to wealth regarded as a state of abundance and well-being. Development then becomes a teleological process trying to promote well-being through abundance. Yet, this external perspective of UNDP on well-being is questioned by the subjective perception of the individuals themselves. Happiness studies—which define happiness as the degree to which an individual judges the overall quality of his life-as-a-whole favorably—prove that higher levels of UNDP's development indicators are not necessarily better for subjective well-being. Despite methodological and conceptual problems, happiness studies discover that the individuals' perception of poverty, wealth and development can differ considerably from UNDP's perspective. Increased income, better objective health and higher levels of education do not automatically lead to greater happiness. Furthermore, additional dimensions essential for human happiness are detected by the research, yet not taken into account by UNDP. A country ranking comparison between the two approaches confirms the different visions of well-being. The integration of a happiness indicator in its analysis of poverty, wealth and development is thus indispensable for UNDP in order to correct its analytical and also practical approach to development. 相似文献
956.
Successful integration of individuals in macaque societies suggests that monkeys use fast and efficient perceptual mechanisms
to discriminate between conspecifics. Humans and great apes use primarily holistic and configural, but also feature-based,
processing for face recognition. The relative contribution of these processes to face recognition in monkeys is not known.
We measured face recognition in three monkeys performing a visual paired comparison task. Monkey and humans faces were (1)
axially rotated, (2) inverted, (3) high-pass filtered, and (4) low-pass filtered to isolate different face processing strategies.
The amount of time spent looking at the eyes, mouth, and other facial features was compared across monkey and human faces
for each type of stimulus manipulation. For all monkeys, face recognition, expressed as novelty preference, was intact for
monkey faces that were axially rotated or spatially filtered and was supported in general by preferential looking at the eyes,
but was impaired for inverted faces in two of the three monkeys. Axially rotated, upright human faces with a full range of
spatial frequencies were also recognized, however, the distribution of time spent exploring each facial feature was significantly
different compared to monkey faces. No novelty preference, and hence no inferred recognition, was observed for inverted or
low-pass filtered human faces. High-pass filtered human faces were recognized, however, the looking pattern on facial features
deviated from the pattern observed for monkey faces. Taken together these results indicate large differences in recognition
success and in perceptual strategies used by monkeys to recognize humans versus conspecifics. Monkeys use both second-order
configural and feature-based processing to recognize the faces of conspecifics, but they use primarily feature-based strategies
to recognize human faces. 相似文献
957.
While viewing faces, human adults often demonstrate a natural gaze bias towards the left visual field, that is, the right
side of the viewee’s face is often inspected first and for longer periods. Using a preferential looking paradigm, we demonstrate
that this bias is neither uniquely human nor limited to primates, and provide evidence to help elucidate its biological function
within a broader social cognitive framework. We observed that 6-month-old infants showed a wider tendency for left gaze preference
towards objects and faces of different species and orientation, while in adults the bias appears only towards upright human
faces. Rhesus monkeys showed a left gaze bias towards upright human and monkey faces, but not towards inverted faces. Domestic
dogs, however, only demonstrated a left gaze bias towards human faces, but not towards monkey or dog faces, nor to inanimate
object images. Our findings suggest that face- and species-sensitive gaze asymmetry is more widespread in the animal kingdom
than previously recognised, is not constrained by attentional or scanning bias, and could be shaped by experience to develop
adaptive behavioural significance. 相似文献
958.
The ability to recognize three-dimensional objects from two-dimensional (2-D) displays was investigated in domestic chicks,
focusing on the role of the object’s motion. In Experiment 1 newly hatched chicks, imprinted on a three-dimensional (3-D)
object, were allowed to choose between the shadows of the familiar object and of an object never seen before. In Experiments
2 and 3 random-dot displays were used to produce the perception of a solid shape only when set in motion. Overall, the results
showed that domestic chicks were able to recognize familiar shapes from 2-D motion stimuli. It is likely that similar general
mechanisms underlying the perception of structure-from-motion and the extraction of 3-D information are shared by humans and
animals. The present data shows that they occur similarly in birds as known for mammals, two separate vertebrate classes;
this possibly indicates a common phylogenetic origin of these processes. 相似文献
959.
Alban Lemasson Anaïs Boutin Sarah Boivin Catherine Blois-Heulin Martine Hausberger 《Animal cognition》2009,12(5):693-704
Many animal species that rely mainly on calls to communicate produce individual acoustic structures, but we wondered whether
individuals of species better known as visual communicants, with small vocal repertoires, would also exhibit individual distinctiveness
in calls. Moreover, theoretical advances concerning the evolution of social intelligence are usually based on primate species
data, but relatively little is known about the social cognitive capacities of non-primate mammals. However, some non-primate
species demonstrate auditory recognition of social categories and possess mental representation of their social network. Horses
(Equus caballus) form stable social networks and although they display a large range of visual signals, they also use long-distance whinny
calls to maintain contact. Here, we investigated the potential existence of individual acoustic signatures in whinny calls
and the ability of horses to discriminate by ear individuals varying in their degree of familiarity. Our analysis of the acoustic
structure of whinnies of 30 adult domestic horses (ten stallions, ten geldings, ten mares) revealed that some of the frequency
and temporal parameters carried reliable information about the caller’s sex, body size and identity. However, no correlations
with age were found. Playback experiments evaluated the behavioural significance of this variability. Twelve horses heard
either control white noise or whinnies emitted by group members, familiar neighbours or unfamiliar horses. While control sounds
did not induce any particular response, horses discriminated the social category of the callers and reacted with a sound-specific
behaviour (vigilance and attraction varied with familiarity). Our results support the existence of social knowledge in horses
and suggest a process of vocal coding/decoding of information. 相似文献
960.
在婴儿早期的视觉经验中,面孔是最特殊的一类刺激,小婴儿从出生开始就喜欢看面孔,这种现象称为面孔偏好。面孔偏好的发展反映了婴儿知觉能力的发展规律,具有重要的社会化意义。该文系统介绍了线性系统模型、右脑优势模型、CONSPEC理论、视觉模块理论和非特异化识别理论5种最主要的婴儿面孔偏好理论,并对这些理论的区别和联系进行了探讨。最后,对面孔偏好研究的新趋势和未来方向进行了评价和展望 相似文献