打麻将、吸烟、饮酒行为对震后灾区民众心理健康的影响

打麻将是四川地区普遍存在的社会消遣活动,其社会、心理功能一直颇受争议。本研究探讨了四川地震灾区民众打麻将、吸烟、饮酒的行为习惯和震后的行为变化,及其对抑郁、躯体化、睡眠问题等心理健康指标的影响。结果发现：1）有打麻将习惯的受访者远多于有吸烟或饮酒习惯者;有打麻将习惯的受访者的心理健康通过社会支持的完全中介作用得到改善,而吸烟、饮酒行为习惯对心理健康有消极影响。2）与震前相比,震后民众的打麻将、饮酒行为大多减少,吸烟行为有所增加,各种习惯行为增加的受访者心理健康和社会支持水平较低;社会支持对灾区民众打麻将、吸烟、饮酒行为增加与心理健康间的关系起完全或部分中介作用。总体而言,打麻将行为与吸烟、饮酒行为习惯有所不同,适度的麻将消遣对四川地震灾区的民众心理健康有积极的影响     

抗震救灾官兵心理健康状况及相关因素分析

了解参加抗震救援官兵的心理健康状况及相关因素,为进行心理危机干预提供科学依据。方法 采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、简易应对方式问卷（SCSQ）、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版（EPQ-RSC）及军事应激症状核查表（PCL-M）,对空军某部抗震救援官兵进行心理测评。结果 消极应对和PCL-M总分与SCL-90总分及各因子分呈正相关（p＜0.01）;积极应对方式与PCL-M总分、SCL-90总分及4项因子分呈低相关（p＜0.01）;不同气质类型PCL-M总分及SCL-90各项统计指标之间均有显著性差异（p＜0.01）。结论 气质类型与应对方式对心理健康状况有很大影响,个别官兵应及时给予心理疏导     

Impact of average household income and damage exposure on post‐earthquake distress and functioning: A community study following the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake

Post‐traumatic stress, depression and anxiety symptoms are common outcomes following earthquakes, and may persist for months and years. This study systematically examined the impact of neighbourhood damage exposure and average household income on psychological distress and functioning in 600 residents of Christchurch, New Zealand, 4–6 months after the fatal February, 2011 earthquake. Participants were from highly affected and relatively unaffected suburbs in low, medium and high average household income areas. The assessment battery included the Acute Stress Disorder Scale, the depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD‐7), along with single item measures of substance use, earthquake damage and impact, and disruptions in daily life and relationship functioning. Controlling for age, gender and social isolation, participants from low income areas were more likely to meet diagnostic cut‐offs for depression and anxiety, and have more severe anxiety symptoms. Higher probabilities of acute stress, depression and anxiety diagnoses were evident in affected versus unaffected areas, and those in affected areas had more severe acute stress, depression and anxiety symptoms. An interaction between income and earthquake effect was found for depression, with those from the low and medium income affected suburbs more depressed. Those from low income areas were more likely, post‐earthquake, to start psychiatric medication and increase smoking. There was a uniform increase in alcohol use across participants. Those from the low income affected suburb had greater general and relationship disruption post‐quake. Average household income and damage exposure made unique contributions to earthquake‐related distress and dysfunction.     

Effectiveness of video modeling in teaching earthquake and postearthquake evacuation safety skills for children with autism

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of video modeling to teach safety skills during earthquakes and postearthquake evacuation to children with autism. Three male children with autism, aged 9–10 years, participated in the study. The results indicate that video modeling was effective at promoting the acquisition of “drop, cover, and hold on” and evacuation skills for all three students. Furthermore, the skills generalized to a new setting for all three participants and maintained up to 4 weeks after video modeling for the two participants for whom maintenance was evaluated. Social-validity data were also collected from participants, their parents, and a teacher, and the findings were positive overall. Implications for instruction and future research are discussed based on the results of the study.     

四川汶川大地震心理危机干预的思考

面对大地震我们如何应对？突发的灾难除了顷刻间造成大量人员伤亡和财产损失外,还会对人们的心理产生巨大影响。帮助灾区人民渡过心理创伤,减少心理疾病的发生和对心理社会功能的后遗影响。灾后心理危机同样是灾难,灾后心理疏导需专业人员,抗震救灾与灾后的心理干预同等重要。     

汶川地震30个月后中小学生的身心状况研究

通过对汶川地震极重灾区的中小学生进行问卷调查,考察其在地震30个月后的创伤后应激障碍、抑郁、学习倦怠和创伤后成长等身心状况。结果发现：（1）震后30个月的中小学生创伤后应激障碍和抑郁情况较为严重,发生率分别达到6.6%和69.5%,女生和高年级学生是其高危人群;（2）学习倦怠总体情况比较轻微,学习的低效能感相对较严重;（3）创伤后成长的程度较高,且性别和年级间差异与创伤后应激障碍相似;（4）创伤后应激障碍、抑郁及学习倦怠等3个消极变量和创伤后成长之间分别为正相关、零相关和零相关。建议心理疏导人员将重心放在降低创伤后应激障碍和抑郁的程度及激发受灾学生的创伤后成长方面,并充分意识到创伤后成长程度较高的学生也有出现心理不良状况的可能性。     

地震后青少年创伤后应激障碍的潜在结构分析

为考察地震后青少年创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的潜在症状结构,本研究采用儿童创伤后应激障碍症状量表和儿童抑郁量表,对汶川地震一年后的746名中学生进行调查。利用验证性因素分析对竞争模型进行比较,结果发现包括侵入性、回避性、麻木性、精神痛苦性唤起和焦虑性唤起等5个症状的PTSD精神痛苦性唤起模型显著优于DSM-IV的PTSD模型、4维情感麻木模型和4维精神痛苦模型。效度分析的结果发现,PTSD精神痛苦性唤起模型具有良好的外部区分效度。所有结果均表明PTSD精神痛苦性唤起模型在汶川地震后青少年群体中具有良好的适用性,可以作为判定震后青少年PTSD症状的有效标准。     

《周易·震》卦辞、爻辞正诂

关于<周易·震>卦爻辞,古今传注大多以雷声震动解之,根据卦爻辞内容及其所描述的情形,此解显然不合情理.若以地震释之,则豁然贯通,且文理顺畅.故本文从训诂学的角度对震卦卦爻辞加以重新解读,认为震即地震,卦爻辞乃记录了古代一场地震的完整过程.     

震区羌族初中生的家庭损失与应对方式:乐观的调节作用

目的考察5.12汶川地震后羌族青少年的家庭损失程度、乐观和应对方式之间的关系。方法采用生活定向测验问卷、特质应对方式问卷和家庭损失的自编测量题项对震区421名羌族初中学生进行了问卷调查。结果 (1)个体遭受的家庭损失程度较重,但其乐观水平较高,且积极应对水平亦显著高于消极应对。(2)家庭损失与乐观和积极应对方式呈显著负相关,与消极应对方式呈显著正相关。(3)乐观在家庭损失与应对方式的关系之间有着显著的调节作用。结论乐观能较好地缓解地震造成的家庭损失对羌族初中生应对方式的不良影响。     

地震经历对插入空白间隔的汉字知觉干扰效应的影响

以插入空白间隔的汉字知觉干扰效应为实验范式, 探讨了不同长短的空白间隔对地震相关字和无关字的影响。结果发现：(1)在实验组中, 与地震无关字相比, 被试对地震相关字有更高的识别率; 而在对照组中, 被试对地震相关字和无关字的识别率差异不显著。(2) 450 ms的间隔能导致地震无关字干扰效应的消失, 却不会对地震相关字的识别造成干扰。本研究支持竞争激活假说, 并为情绪驱动知觉加工的观点提供证据。